Journal of Optical Communications and Networking
Vol. 9,
Issue 12,
pp. 1097-1107
(2017)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.9.001097

Topology Design and Cross-Layer Optimization for FSO Mesh Networks Impaired by Atmospheric Turbulence and Misalignment Fading

Linh D. Truong, Hien T. T. Pham, Ngoc T. Dang, and Toi V. Doan

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Linh D. Truong, Hien T. T. Pham, Ngoc T. Dang, and Toi V. Doan, "Topology Design and Cross-Layer Optimization for FSO Mesh Networks Impaired by Atmospheric Turbulence and Misalignment Fading," J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 9, 1097-1107 (2017)

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Abstract

In this paper, we design and optimize free-space optics (FSO) mesh networks over atmospheric turbulence and misalignment fading channels. We propose a heuristic algorithm to choose the best sites to install the FSO transceivers and also the best topology for a given traffic matrix in a region. The algorithm aims to use as few FSO links as possible since this allows us to reduce the network costs. In addition, the algorithm takes into account the influence of turbulence, misalignment, and noise by choosing links with a low bit-error rate (BER). Besides the heuristic, we also propose an optimal integer linear programming model for solving the same problem. The simulation results show that the proposed heuristic runs very fast, even with a large number of choices of FSO sites. Therefore, it is practical to use the heuristic to quickly design a restoration communication network for replacing a regular one affected by a disaster. The average BER of all FSO links of the designed network also meets the requirement of an end-to-end BER threshold.

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Equations (26)

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Name	Symbol	Value
Link’s bit rate	$R_{b}$	1 Gbps
Wavelength	$λ$	1550 nm
Refractive index structure coefficient	$C_{n}^{2}$	$10^{- 14} m^{- 2 / 3}$
Transmitted power	$P_{T}$	0 dBm
Noise variance	$σ_{n}^{2}$	$10^{- 19} A^{2}$
Attenuation coefficient	$a_{l}$	$0.1 {km}^{- 1}$
Receiver diameter	$2 a$	20 cm
Beam radius at 1 km	$ω_{z}$	2.0 m
Beam divergence angle	$θ$	1 mrad
Jitter standard deviation	$σ_{s}$	10 cm
End-to-end BER threshold	$δ$	$10^{- 3}$
Number of FSO sites	$M$	$5 \sim 90$
Demanded bandwidth per connection	$d_{s t}$	$100 \sim 300 Mbps$
Experimental space $S \times S \times 100 m$	$S$	$2000 \sim 5000 m$
Density of FSO sites	$ρ$	$1 \sim 3 sites / {km}^{2}$
Operation range of the FSO transceiver	$L_{\max}$	1600 m

$S$ (m)	$M$	$ρ$	Estimated No. Links/Conn.	Actual No. Links/Conn.
3000	15	1.67	1.007	2.133
4000	20	1.25	1.329	2.559
5000	30	1.2	1.572	3.207
5000	40	1.6	1.572	3.077

$S$	Initial Number of Sites $M$	Number of Demands $D$	Lowest Feasible Density $ρ$	Highest Feasible Network Load $u (D)$
4000	15	100	1.56	0.16
5000	25	130	1.32	0.20
6000	36	200	1.72	0.12

Name	Symbol	Value
Link’s bit rate	$R_{b}$	1 Gbps
Wavelength	$λ$	1550 nm
Refractive index structure coefficient	$C_{n}^{2}$	$10^{- 14} m^{- 2 / 3}$
Transmitted power	$P_{T}$	0 dBm
Noise variance	$σ_{n}^{2}$	$10^{- 19} A^{2}$
Attenuation coefficient	$a_{l}$	$0.1 {km}^{- 1}$
Receiver diameter	$2 a$	20 cm
Beam radius at 1 km	$ω_{z}$	2.0 m
Beam divergence angle	$θ$	1 mrad
Jitter standard deviation	$σ_{s}$	10 cm
End-to-end BER threshold	$δ$	$10^{- 3}$
Number of FSO sites	$M$	$5 \sim 90$
Demanded bandwidth per connection	$d_{s t}$	$100 \sim 300 Mbps$
Experimental space $S \times S \times 100 m$	$S$	$2000 \sim 5000 m$
Density of FSO sites	$ρ$	$1 \sim 3 sites / {km}^{2}$
Operation range of the FSO transceiver	$L_{\max}$	1600 m

$S$ (m)	$M$	$ρ$	Estimated No. Links/Conn.	Actual No. Links/Conn.
3000	15	1.67	1.007	2.133
4000	20	1.25	1.329	2.559
5000	30	1.2	1.572	3.207
5000	40	1.6	1.572	3.077

Topology Design and Cross-Layer Optimization for FSO Mesh Networks Impaired by Atmospheric Turbulence and Misalignment Fading

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Tables (4)

Equations (26)

Journal of Optical Communications and Networking