A Survey on Direct-to-Device Satellite Communications: Advances, Challenges, and Prospects
Pages 7 - 12
Abstract
Direct-to-Device (D2D) communication in satellite networks represents a significant advance in telecommunications, enabling seamless connectivity without relying on terrestrial infrastructure. This survey aims to provide a detailed overview of D2D communication technologies, protocols, applications, and recent advances based on the current state of D2D. We categorize the literature on D2D into a new taxonomy. This taxonomy covers technological foundations, protocols and algorithms, use cases, challenges, and future trends. We emphasize the key challenges and pinpoint research gaps within each category, offering a well-structured domain overview.
References
[1]
2020. Australian IoT startup Myriota raises USD 19 million. https://tinyurl.com/mw77mzh3
[2]
2021. Satellite launches fueling race to connect out of reach devices. https://tinyurl.com/3ehc65r8
[3]
2021. SpaceX buys out satellite IoT startup Swarm Technologies. https://tinyurl.com/5y58ar4u
[4]
2023. Cash-rich EchoStar to take on global IoT market next year. https://tinyurl.com/2rmw8kdw
[5]
2023. Qualcomm Introduces Snapdragon Satellite, The World's First Satellite-Based Solution Capable of Supporting Two-Way Messaging for Premium Smartphones and Beyond. https://tinyurl.com/yjy325am
[6]
2024. AST SpaceMobile. https://ast-science.com/spacemobile/
[7]
2024. iPhones Will Soon Text via Satellite. https://techcrunch.com/2024/06/10/iphones-will-soon-text-via-satellite/
[8]
2024. List of Starlink and Starshield Launches. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Starlink_and_Starshield_launches
[9]
2024. SpaceX's Cellular Starlink Hits 17Mbps Download Speed to Android Phone. https://www.pcmag.com/news/spacexs-cellular-starlink-hits-17mbps-download-speed-to-android-phone
[10]
2024. Starlink Shares Demo of First-Ever Direct to Cell Satellite Video Call. https://www.teslarati.com/starlink-direct-to-cell-video-call-demo-video/
[11]
3GPP. 2018. Study on Architecture Aspects for Using Satellite Access in 5G. Technical Report TR23.737. 3GPP.
[12]
3GPP. 2020. Solutions for NR to Support Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN). Technical Report TR38.821. 3GPP.
[13]
3GPP. 2020. Study on New Radio (NR) to Support Non-Terrestrial Networks. Technical Report TR38.811. 3GPP.
[14]
3GPP. 2021. Guidelines for Extraterritorial 5G Systems. Technical Report TR22.926. 3GPP.
[15]
3GPP. 2021. Study on Management and Orchestration Aspects of Integrated Satellite Components in a 5G Network. Technical Report TR28.808. 3GPP.
[16]
3GPP. 2021. Study on PLMN Selection for Satellite Access. Technical Report TR24.281. 3GPP.
[17]
3GPP. 2023. E-UTRA; Radio Resource Control (RRC). Technical Report TS36.331. 3GPP.
[18]
3GPP. 2023. Non-Access-Stratum (NAS) for 5G. Technical Report TS24.501. 3GPP.
[19]
Lamia Fathi Abusedra, Amer Mohamed Daeri, and Amer Ragab Zerek. 2016. Implementation and performance study of the LDPC coding in the DVB-S2 link system using MATLAB. In STA. https://doi.org/10.1109/STA.2016.7951982
[20]
M.D. Samir Akhtar, Gauri Mathur, Oleg Kravchenko, and Manik Rakhra. 2023. Connecting the Unconnected: Bridging the Digital Divide with Affordable Satellite Through Enabled Smartphones. In E3S Web of Conferences. ICSDG 2023. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345301054
[21]
Bassel Al Homssi, Akram Al-Hourani, Ke Wang, Phillip Conder, Sithamparanathan Kandeepan, Jinho Choi, Ben Allen, and Ben Moores. 2022. Next Generation Mega Satellite Networks for Access Equality: Opportunities, Challenges, and Performance. IEEE Communications Magazine (2022). https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.001.2100802
[22]
Tizoc Andersen-Dukes. 2022. Satellite Direct-To-Device Analysis. Ph.D. Dissertation. California State University San Marcos.
[23]
Apple Inc. 2023. Emergency SOS via satellite. https://tinyurl.com/4hkses28
[24]
AST SpaceMobile. 2023. AST SpaceMobile Announces Successful Opening of BlueWalker 3 Satellite. https://tinyurl.com/45j4mfct
[25]
Christopher Baugh. 2024. Satellite direct-to-device: the characteristics of D2D constellations will limit SpaceX's ability to dominate. https://tinyurl.com/4ay78rzd.
[26]
Deloitte. 2024. The Future of Global Satellite Direct-to-Device Communications. Deloitte Insights. https://tinyurl.com/3sjb3eun
[27]
Bradley Denby, Krishna Chintalapudi, Ranveer Chandra, Brandon Lucia, and Shadi Noghabi. 2023. Kodan: Addressing the Computational Bottleneck in Space. In Proceedings of the 28th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 3 (ASPLOS 2023). https://doi.org/10.1145/3582016.3582043
[28]
Federal Communications Commission. 2022. FCC Grants First-of-its-Kind License for Satellite-Direct-to-Phone Service. https://tinyurl.com/4985hf7h
[29]
Federal Communications Commission. 2022. Report and Order and Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking. Technical Report. Federal Communications Commission. https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/FCC-22-95A1.pdf
[30]
Juan A. Fraire, Sandra Céspedes, and Nicola Accettura. 2019. Direct-To-Satellite IoT - A Survey of the State of the Art and Future Research Perspectives. In Ad-Hoc, Mobile, and Wireless Networks. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31831-4_17
[31]
GSMA. 2023. The Mobile Economy 2023. https://www.gsma.com/mobileeconomy/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/270223-The-Mobile-Economy-2023.pdf
[32]
Viasat Inc. 2023. Viasat and Skylo Technologies Launch First Global Direct-to-Device Network. https://news.viasat.com.
[33]
Karen L.Jones and Audrey L. Allison. 2023. The Great Convergence and the Future of Satellite-Enabled Direct-to-Device. Center for Space Policy and Strategy (2023). https://csps.aerospace.org/sites/default/files/2023-09/Jones-Allison_GreatConvergence_20230919.pdf
[34]
Awais Khawar, Ishtiaq Ahmad, and Ahmed Iyanda Sulyman. 2015. Spectrum sharing between small cells and satellites: Opportunities and challenges. In ICCW. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCW.2015.7247408
[35]
Kineis. 2024. Nanosatellites: Kineis Size Doesn't Matter. https://www.kineis.com/en/nanosatellites-kineis-size-doesnt-matter/.
[36]
Oltjon Kodheli, Eva Lagunas, Nicola Maturo, Shree Krishna Sharma, Bhavani Shankar, Jesus Fabian Mendoza Montoya, Juan Carlos Merlano Duncan, Danilo Spano, Symeon Chatzinotas, Steven Kisseleff, Jorge Querol, Lei Lei, Thang X. Vu, and George Goussetis. 2021. Satellite Communications in the New Space Era: A Survey and Future Challenges. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2020.3028247
[37]
Israel Leyva-Mayorga, Beatriz Soret, Maik Röper, Dirk Wübben, Bho Matthiesen, Armin Dekorsy, and Petar Popovski. 2020. LEO Small-Satellite Constellations for 5G and Beyond-5G Communications. IEEE Access (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3029620
[38]
Yuanjie Li, Debopam Bhattacherjee, Swarun Chatterjee, Alok Tongaonkar, Chao Yue, Z Morley Mao, and Srinivasan Seshan. 2022. A case for stateless mobile core network functions in space. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2022 Conference. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544216.3544233
[39]
Konstantinos Liolis, Alexander Geurtz, Ray Sperber, Detlef Schulz, Simon Watts, Georgia Poziopoulou, Barry Evans, Ning Wang, Oriol Vidal, Boris Tiomela Jou, Michael Fitch, Silvia Diaz Sendra, Sina Khatibi, and Michail Kourtis. 2019. Use cases and scenarios of 5G integrated satellite-terrestrial networks for enhanced mobile broadband: The SaT5G approach. International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/sat.1245
[40]
Lixin Liu, Yaxiong Xie, Hao Xie, Qian Zhang, Xuan Zhou, Xiang Ling, Ke Yin, Xiaobo Zhang, Yuanjie Li, Chunyi Zhao, et al. 2024. Democratizing Direct-to-Cell Low Earth Orbit Satellite Networks. In 21st USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 24). https://www.usenix.org/conference/nsdi24/presentation/liu-lixin
[41]
Lockheed Martin. 2023. Lockheed Martin Prepares First 5G.MIL® Payload for Orbit. https://www.lockheedmartin.com/en-us/news/features/2023/lockheed-martin-prepares-first-5g-mil--payload-for-orbit.html
[42]
Garmin Ltd. 2024. Garmin Satellite Communicators. https://explore.garmin.com/en-US/inreach/.
[43]
Alexander Pastukh, Valery Tikhvinskiy, and Evgeny Devyatkin. 2024. Exploring Interference Issues in the Case of n25 Band Implementation for 5G/LTE Direct-to-Device NTN Services. Sensors (2024). https://doi.org/10.3390/s24041297
[44]
Vaibhav Singh, Tusher Chakraborty, Suraj Jog, Om Chabra, Deepak Vasisht, and Ranveer Chandra. 2024. Spectrumize: Spectrum-efficient Satellite Networks for the Internet of Things. In Proceedings of the 21st USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation.
[45]
SpaceNews. 2023. AT&T Underlines Support for Realizing Direct-to-Smartphone Satellite Service. https://spacenews.com/att-underlines-support-for-realizing-direct-to-smartphone-satellite-service/.
[46]
Ivan Suarez and Calil Queiroz. 2022. The Coming Era of Satellite Direct-to-Handset Connectivity. https://tinyurl.com/3vnpk6ym.
[47]
Hogan Eighfansyah Susilo and Joko Suryana. 2023. Research on LP-WAN Direct to Satellite IoT: A Survey Technology and Performance on LEO Satellite. In ICT. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICT60153.2023.10374072
[48]
T-Mobile and Starlink. 2023. First SpaceX Satellites Launch for Breakthrough Direct-to-Cell Service with T-Mobile. https://tinyurl.com/c4pf4vaf.
[49]
Bill Tao et al. 2023. Transmitting, fast and slow: Scheduling satellite traffic through space and time. In Proceedings of the 29th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking. https://doi.org/10.1145/3570361.3592521
[50]
CosmicBeats Team. 2024. CosmicBeats: A Simulator for DtS-IoT Networks. https://github.com/microsoft/CosmicBeats-Simulator.
[51]
Weihao Yan, Jianping An, Jinpeng Song, Yixuan Li, and Shuai Wang. 2023. Multicarrier Spread Spectrum for Mega-Constellation Satellite Networks: Challenges, Opportunities, and Future Trends. IEEE Internet of Things Journal (2023). https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2023.3284506
[52]
Xiangming Zhu and Chunxiao Jiang. 2022. Integrated Satellite-Terrestrial Networks Toward 6G: Architectures, Applications, and Challenges. IEEE Internet of Things Journal (2022). https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2021.3126825
Index Terms
- A Survey on Direct-to-Device Satellite Communications: Advances, Challenges, and Prospects
Recommendations
Machine Learning and Deep Learning powered satellite communications: Enabling technologies, applications, open challenges, and future research directions
SummaryThe recent wave of creating an interconnected world through satellites has renewed interest in satellite communications. Private and government‐funded space agencies are making advancements in the creation of satellite constellations, and the ...
Satellites are the proposed solution to many of our communication and network‐related challenges. Recently, there has been a greater push for the use of machine learning and deep learning to assist these satellite systems making them more efficient and ...
Satellite communications
The handbook of ad hoc wireless networksWireless communication is undergoing explosive growth, and satellite-based delivery is a major player. With the introduction of satellite personal communication services in the near future, an important step will be made toward the implementation of a ...
Analysis of satellite-induced factors affecting the accuracy of the BDS satellite differential code bias
Differential code bias (DCB) is one of the main error sources of the positioning, navigation and timing services and slant total electron content extraction. The DCB can usually be estimated together with ionospheric model coefficients from the data of ...
Comments
Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.Information & Contributors
Information
Published In
November 2024
75 pages
ISBN:9798400712807
DOI:10.1145/3697253
Copyright © 2024 Owner/Author.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution International 4.0 License.
Sponsors
Publisher
Association for Computing Machinery
New York, NY, United States
Publication History
Published: 18 November 2024
Check for updates
Author Tags
Qualifiers
- Research-article
- Research
- Refereed limited
Conference
ACM MobiCom '24
Sponsor:
ACM MobiCom '24: The 30th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking
November 18 - 22, 2024
DC, Washington, USA
Contributors
Other Metrics
Bibliometrics & Citations
Bibliometrics
Article Metrics
- 0Total Citations
- 104Total Downloads
- Downloads (Last 12 months)104
- Downloads (Last 6 weeks)104
Reflects downloads up to 11 Dec 2024
Other Metrics
Citations
View Options
Login options
Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.
Sign in