[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/ skip to main content
10.1145/3640457.3691709acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesrecsysConference Proceedingsconference-collections
extended-abstract

Are We Explaining the Same Recommenders? Incorporating Recommender Performance for Evaluating Explainers

Published: 08 October 2024 Publication History

Abstract

Explainability in recommender systems is both crucial and challenging. Among the state-of-the-art explanation strategies, counterfactual explanation provides intuitive and easily understandable insights into model predictions by illustrating how a small change in the input can lead to a different outcome. Recently, this approach has garnered significant attention, with various studies employing different metrics to evaluate the performance of these explanation methods. In this paper, we investigate the metrics used for evaluating counterfactual explainers for recommender systems. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate that the performance of recommenders has a direct effect on counterfactual explainers and ignoring it results in inconsistencies in the evaluation results of explainer methods. Our findings highlight an additional challenge in evaluating counterfactual explainer methods and underscore the need to report the recommender performance or consider it in evaluation metrics.

References

[1]
Mohamed Hussein Abdi, George Onyango Okeyo, and Ronald Waweru Mwangi. 2018. Matrix Factorization Techniques for Context-Aware Collaborative Filtering Recommender Systems: A Survey. Comput. Inf. Sci. 11, 2 (2018), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.5539/CIS.V11N2P1
[2]
Behnoush Abdollahi and Olfa Nasraoui. 2016. Explainable Matrix Factorization for Collaborative Filtering. In Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on World Wide Web, WWW 2016, Montreal, Canada, April 11-15, 2016, Companion Volume. ACM, 5–6. https://doi.org/10.1145/2872518.2889405
[3]
Behnoush Abdollahi and Olfa Nasraoui. 2017. Using Explainability for Constrained Matrix Factorization. In Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM Conference on Recommender Systems, RecSys 2017, Como, Italy, August 27-31, 2017. ACM, 79–83. https://doi.org/10.1145/3109859.3109913
[4]
Keivan Alizadeh, Iman Mirzadeh, Dmitry Belenko, Karen Khatamifard, Minsik Cho, Carlo C. Del Mundo, Mohammad Rastegari, and Mehrdad Farajtabar. 2023. LLM in a flash: Efficient Large Language Model Inference with Limited Memory. CoRR abs/2312.11514 (2023). https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2312.11514 arXiv:2312.11514
[5]
Bahare Askari, Jaroslaw Szlichta, and Amirali Salehi-Abari. 2021. Variational Autoencoders for Top-K Recommendation with Implicit Feedback. In SIGIR ’21: The 44th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, Virtual Event, Canada, July 11-15, 2021. ACM, 2061–2065. https://doi.org/10.1145/3404835.3462986
[6]
Sujoy Bag, Sri Krishna Kumar, and Manoj Kumar Tiwari. 2019. An efficient recommendation generation using relevant Jaccard similarity. Inf. Sci. 483 (2019), 53–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.INS.2019.01.023
[7]
Mohit Bajaj, Lingyang Chu, Zi Yu Xue, Jian Pei, Lanjun Wang, Peter Cho-Ho Lam, and Yong Zhang. 2021. Robust Counterfactual Explanations on Graph Neural Networks. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 34: Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems 2021, NeurIPS 2021, December 6-14, 2021, virtual. 5644–5655. https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper/2021/hash/2c8c3a57383c63caef6724343eb62257-Abstract.html
[8]
Oren Barkan, Veronika Bogina, Liya Gurevitch, Yuval Asher, and Noam Koenigstein. 2024. A Counterfactual Framework for Learning and Evaluating Explanations for Recommender Systems. In Proceedings of the ACM on Web Conference 2024, WWW 2024, Singapore, May 13-17, 2024. ACM, 3723–3733. https://doi.org/10.1145/3589334.3645560
[9]
Ziheng Chen, Fabrizio Silvestri, Jia Wang, Yongfeng Zhang, Zhenhua Huang, Hongshik Ahn, and Gabriele Tolomei. 2022. GREASE: Generate Factual and Counterfactual Explanations for GNN-based Recommendations. CoRR abs/2208.04222 (2022). https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2208.04222 arXiv:2208.04222
[10]
Finale Doshi-Velez and Been Kim. 2017. Towards A Rigorous Science of Interpretable Machine Learning. arxiv:1702.08608 [stat.ML]
[11]
Gideon Dror, Noam Koenigstein, Yehuda Koren, and Markus Weimer. 2012. The Yahoo! Music Dataset and KDD-Cup ’11. In Proceedings of KDD Cup 2011 competition, San Diego, CA, USA, 2011(JMLR Proceedings, Vol. 18). JMLR.org, 8–18. http://proceedings.mlr.press/v18/dror12a.html
[12]
Kiana Ehsani, Tanmay Gupta, Rose Hendrix, Jordi Salvador, Luca Weihs, Kuo-Hao Zeng, Kunal Pratap Singh, Yejin Kim, Winson Han, Alvaro Herrasti, Ranjay Krishna, Dustin Schwenk, Eli VanderBilt, and Aniruddha Kembhavi. 2023. Imitating Shortest Paths in Simulation Enables Effective Navigation and Manipulation in the Real World. CoRR abs/2312.02976 (2023). https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2312.02976 arXiv:2312.02976
[13]
Timo Freiesleben. 2022. The Intriguing Relation Between Counterfactual Explanations and Adversarial Examples. Minds Mach. 32, 1 (2022), 77–109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-021-09580-9
[14]
Azin Ghazimatin, Oana Balalau, Rishiraj Saha Roy, and Gerhard Weikum. 2020. PRINCE: Provider-side Interpretability with Counterfactual Explanations in Recommender Systems. In WSDM ’20: The Thirteenth ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining, Houston, TX, USA, February 3-7, 2020. ACM, 196–204. https://doi.org/10.1145/3336191.3371824
[15]
F. Maxwell Harper and Joseph A. Konstan. 2015. The MovieLens Datasets: History and Context. ACM Trans. Interact. Intell. Syst. 5, 4, Article 19 (dec 2015), 19 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/2827872
[16]
Xiangnan He, Lizi Liao, Hanwang Zhang, Liqiang Nie, Xia Hu, and Tat-Seng Chua. 2017. Neural Collaborative Filtering. In Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on World Wide Web, WWW 2017, Perth, Australia, April 3-7, 2017. ACM, 173–182. https://doi.org/10.1145/3038912.3052569
[17]
Zexi Huang, Mert Kosan, Sourav Medya, Sayan Ranu, and Ambuj K. Singh. 2023. Global Counterfactual Explainer for Graph Neural Networks. In Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining, WSDM 2023, Singapore, 27 February 2023 - 3 March 2023. ACM, 141–149. https://doi.org/10.1145/3539597.3570376
[18]
Neham Jain, Vibhhu Sharma, and Gaurav Sinha. 2024. Counterfactual Explanations for Visual Recommender Systems. In Companion Proceedings of the ACM on Web Conference 2024, WWW 2024, Singapore, Singapore, May 13-17, 2024. ACM, 674–677. https://doi.org/10.1145/3589335.3651484
[19]
Amir-Hossein Karimi, Bernhard Schölkopf, and Isabel Valera. 2021. Algorithmic Recourse: from Counterfactual Explanations to Interventions. In FAccT ’21: 2021 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency, Virtual Event / Toronto, Canada, March 3-10, 2021. ACM, 353–362. https://doi.org/10.1145/3442188.3445899
[20]
Mert Kosan, Samidha Verma, Burouj Armgaan, Khushbu Pahwa, Ambuj K. Singh, Sourav Medya, and Sayan Ranu. 2023. GNNX-BENCH: Unravelling the Utility of Perturbation-based GNN Explainers through In-depth Benchmarking. CoRR abs/2310.01794 (2023). https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2310.01794 arXiv:2310.01794
[21]
Dawen Liang, Rahul G. Krishnan, Matthew D. Hoffman, and Tony Jebara. 2018. Variational Autoencoders for Collaborative Filtering. In Proceedings of the 2018 World Wide Web Conference on World Wide Web, WWW 2018, Lyon, France, April 23-27, 2018. ACM, 689–698. https://doi.org/10.1145/3178876.3186150
[22]
Ana Lucic, Maartje A. ter Hoeve, Gabriele Tolomei, Maarten de Rijke, and Fabrizio Silvestri. 2022. CF-GNNExplainer: Counterfactual Explanations for Graph Neural Networks. In International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics, AISTATS 2022, 28-30 March 2022, Virtual Event(Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, Vol. 151). PMLR, 4499–4511. https://proceedings.mlr.press/v151/lucic22a.html
[23]
Scott M. Lundberg and Su-In Lee. 2017. A Unified Approach to Interpreting Model Predictions. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 30: Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems 2017, December 4-9, 2017, Long Beach, CA, USA, Isabelle Guyon, Ulrike von Luxburg, Samy Bengio, Hanna M. Wallach, Rob Fergus, S. V. N. Vishwanathan, and Roman Garnett (Eds.). 4765–4774. https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper/2017/hash/8a20a8621978632d76c43dfd28b67767-Abstract.html
[24]
Jing Ma, Ruocheng Guo, Saumitra Mishra, Aidong Zhang, and Jundong Li. 2022. CLEAR: Generative Counterfactual Explanations on Graphs. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 35: Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems 2022, NeurIPS 2022, New Orleans, LA, USA, November 28 - December 9, 2022. http://papers.nips.cc/paper_files/paper/2022/hash/a69d7f3a1340d55c720e572742439eaf-Abstract-Conference.html
[25]
Amir Reza Mohammadi. 2023. Explainable Graph Neural Network Recommenders; Challenges and Opportunities. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems, RecSys 2023, Singapore, Singapore, September 18-22, 2023, Jie Zhang, Li Chen, Shlomo Berkovsky, Min Zhang, Tommaso Di Noia, Justin Basilico, Luiz Pizzato, and Yang Song (Eds.). ACM, 1318–1324. https://doi.org/10.1145/3604915.3608875
[26]
Caio Nóbrega and Leandro Balby Marinho. 2019. Towards explaining recommendations through local surrogate models. In Proceedings of the 34th ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied Computing, SAC 2019, Limassol, Cyprus, April 8-12, 2019. ACM, 1671–1678. https://doi.org/10.1145/3297280.3297443
[27]
Andreas Peintner, Amir Reza Mohammadi, and Eva Zangerle. 2023. SPARE: Shortest Path Global Item Relations for Efficient Session-based Recommendation. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems, RecSys 2023, Singapore, Singapore, September 18-22, 2023, Jie Zhang, Li Chen, Shlomo Berkovsky, Min Zhang, Tommaso Di Noia, Justin Basilico, Luiz Pizzato, and Yang Song (Eds.). ACM, 58–69. https://doi.org/10.1145/3604915.3608768
[28]
Hossein A. Rahmani, Mohammadmehdi Naghiaei, and Yashar Deldjoo. 2024. A Personalized Framework for Consumer and Producer Group Fairness Optimization in Recommender Systems. Trans. Recomm. Syst. 2, 3 (2024), 19:1–19:24. https://doi.org/10.1145/3651167
[29]
Niloofar Ranjbar, Saeedeh Momtazi, and MohammadMehdi Homayoonpour. 2024. Explaining recommendation system using counterfactual textual explanations. Mach. Learn. 113, 4 (2024), 1989–2012. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10994-023-06390-1
[30]
Steffen Rendle. 2021. Item Recommendation from Implicit Feedback. CoRR abs/2101.08769 (2021). arXiv:2101.08769https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.08769
[31]
Steffen Rendle, Walid Krichene, Li Zhang, and John R. Anderson. 2020. Neural Collaborative Filtering vs. Matrix Factorization Revisited. In RecSys 2020: Fourteenth ACM Conference on Recommender Systems, Virtual Event, Brazil, September 22-26, 2020. ACM, 240–248. https://doi.org/10.1145/3383313.3412488
[32]
Marco Túlio Ribeiro, Sameer Singh, and Carlos Guestrin. 2016. "Why Should I Trust You?": Explaining the Predictions of Any Classifier. In Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, San Francisco, CA, USA, August 13-17, 2016. ACM, 1135–1144. https://doi.org/10.1145/2939672.2939778
[33]
Ramni Singh, Sargam Maurya, Tanisha Tripathi, Tushar Narula, and Gaurav Srivastav. 2020. Movie Recommendation System using Cosine Similarity and KNN. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 9 (06 2020), 2249–8958. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.E9666.069520
[34]
Juntao Tan, Shijie Geng, Zuohui Fu, Yingqiang Ge, Shuyuan Xu, Yunqi Li, and Yongfeng Zhang. 2022. Learning and Evaluating Graph Neural Network Explanations based on Counterfactual and Factual Reasoning. In WWW ’22: The ACM Web Conference 2022, Virtual Event, Lyon, France, April 25 - 29, 2022. ACM, 1018–1027. https://doi.org/10.1145/3485447.3511948
[35]
Juntao Tan, Shuyuan Xu, Yingqiang Ge, Yunqi Li, Xu Chen, and Yongfeng Zhang. 2021. Counterfactual Explainable Recommendation. In CIKM ’21: The 30th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, Virtual Event, Queensland, Australia, November 1 - 5, 2021. ACM, 1784–1793. https://doi.org/10.1145/3459637.3482420
[36]
Khanh Hiep Tran, Azin Ghazimatin, and Rishiraj Saha Roy. 2021. Counterfactual Explanations for Neural Recommenders. In SIGIR ’21: The 44th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, Virtual Event, Canada, July 11-15, 2021. ACM, 1627–1631. https://doi.org/10.1145/3404835.3463005
[37]
Sahil Verma, John P. Dickerson, and Keegan Hines. 2020. Counterfactual Explanations for Machine Learning: A Review. CoRR abs/2010.10596 (2020). arXiv:2010.10596https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.10596
[38]
Jinfeng Zhong and Elsa Negre. 2022. Shap-enhanced counterfactual explanations for recommendations. In SAC ’22: The 37th ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied Computing, Virtual Event, April 25 - 29, 2022. ACM, 1365–1372. https://doi.org/10.1145/3477314.3507029

Index Terms

  1. Are We Explaining the Same Recommenders? Incorporating Recommender Performance for Evaluating Explainers

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

    Information & Contributors

    Information

    Published In

    cover image ACM Conferences
    RecSys '24: Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems
    October 2024
    1438 pages
    Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored. For all other uses, contact the Owner/Author.

    Sponsors

    Publisher

    Association for Computing Machinery

    New York, NY, United States

    Publication History

    Published: 08 October 2024

    Check for updates

    Author Tags

    1. Counterfactual Explanation
    2. Evaluation
    3. Recommender Systems

    Qualifiers

    • Extended-abstract
    • Research
    • Refereed limited

    Conference

    Acceptance Rates

    Overall Acceptance Rate 254 of 1,295 submissions, 20%

    Contributors

    Other Metrics

    Bibliometrics & Citations

    Bibliometrics

    Article Metrics

    • 0
      Total Citations
    • 129
      Total Downloads
    • Downloads (Last 12 months)129
    • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)39
    Reflects downloads up to 11 Dec 2024

    Other Metrics

    Citations

    View Options

    Login options

    View options

    PDF

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader

    HTML Format

    View this article in HTML Format.

    HTML Format

    Media

    Figures

    Other

    Tables

    Share

    Share

    Share this Publication link

    Share on social media