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LongShoT: long-range synchronization of time

Authors:

Ceferino Gabriel Ramirez,

Anton Sergeyev,

Assya Dyussenova,

Bob IannucciAuthors Info & Claims

IPSN '19: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks

Pages 289 - 300

https://doi.org/10.1145/3302506.3310408

Published: 16 April 2019 Publication History

Abstract

Low-Power Wide Area Networks, such as LoRaWAN, are rapidly gaining popularity in the field of wireless sensing and actuation. While LoRaWAN is heavily studied in applications and performance, the concept of time has rarely been characterized in such networks. Many applications will require synchronized local clocks with varying levels of precision in order to maintain consistency and coordination in the network. Traditional time synchronization protocols however do not fit LoRaWAN's delay-inherent, low duty cycle, network model and wide-area deployment topology. Meanwhile, relying on GPS for time is not an option for low-power applications.

In this paper, we present LongShoT, a time synchronization scheme built on LoRaWAN capable of synchronizing device clocks to within 10μs of a reference clock with a single network request. This is achieved by utilizing the deterministic properties of LoRaWAN networks along with hardware- and MAC-level timestamping of packets. LongShoT was implemented on consumer off-the-shelf hardware and evaluated over physically distributed devices using GPS 1PPS as a reference. Our results show that LongShoT achieves an average synchronization error of less than 2μs and compensates oscillator drift to less than 0.1ppm with devices distributed within 4km of a gateway.

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Cited By

Raffeck PMaier JWägemann PShrivastava ASui Y(2024)WoCA: Avoiding Intermittent Execution in Embedded Systems by Worst-Case Analyses with Device StatesProceedings of the 25th ACM SIGPLAN/SIGBED International Conference on Languages, Compilers, and Tools for Embedded Systems10.1145/3652032.3657569(83-94)Online publication date: 20-Jun-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3652032.3657569
Pandey SKumari PGupta HRao S(2024)Advancing LoRaWAN Network Efficiency through Dynamic Receive Window Adjustment2024 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)10.1109/WCNC57260.2024.10571078(1-6)Online publication date: 21-Apr-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/WCNC57260.2024.10571078
Huan XChen WWang THu H(2024)A Microsecond Energy-Efficient LoRa Time Synchronization Based on Low-Layer Timestamping and Asymmetric Time TranslationIEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology10.1109/TVT.2023.333916973:5(7328-7332)Online publication date: May-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2023.3339169
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

LongShoT: long-range synchronization of time
1. Computer systems organization
  1. Embedded and cyber-physical systems
    1. Sensor networks
2. Networks
  1. Network protocols
    1. OAM protocols
      1. Time synchronization protocols

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Information & Contributors

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Published In

cover image ACM Conferences

IPSN '19: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks

April 2019

365 pages

ISBN:9781450362849

DOI:10.1145/3302506

General Chair:
Rasit Eskicioglu
University of Manitoba, Canada
,
Program Chairs:
Luca Mottola
Politecnico di Milano, Italy
,
Bodhi Priyantha
Microsoft Research

Copyright © 2019 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

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SIGBED: ACM Special Interest Group on Embedded Systems

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New York, NY, United States

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Published: 16 April 2019

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IPSN '19: The 18th International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks

April 16 - 18, 2019

Quebec, Montreal, Canada

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IPSN '19 Paper Acceptance Rate 25 of 91 submissions, 27%;

Overall Acceptance Rate 143 of 593 submissions, 24%

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Cited By

Raffeck PMaier JWägemann PShrivastava ASui Y(2024)WoCA: Avoiding Intermittent Execution in Embedded Systems by Worst-Case Analyses with Device StatesProceedings of the 25th ACM SIGPLAN/SIGBED International Conference on Languages, Compilers, and Tools for Embedded Systems10.1145/3652032.3657569(83-94)Online publication date: 20-Jun-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3652032.3657569
Pandey SKumari PGupta HRao S(2024)Advancing LoRaWAN Network Efficiency through Dynamic Receive Window Adjustment2024 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)10.1109/WCNC57260.2024.10571078(1-6)Online publication date: 21-Apr-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/WCNC57260.2024.10571078
Huan XChen WWang THu H(2024)A Microsecond Energy-Efficient LoRa Time Synchronization Based on Low-Layer Timestamping and Asymmetric Time TranslationIEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology10.1109/TVT.2023.333916973:5(7328-7332)Online publication date: May-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2023.3339169
You LTang ZWang PWang ZDai HFu L(2024)Quick and Reliable LoRa Data Aggregation Through Multi-Packet ReceptionIEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking10.1109/TNET.2023.332301832:2(1616-1630)Online publication date: Apr-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2023.3323018
Nasrullah AAnwar F(2024)HAEST: Harvesting Ambient Events to Synchronize Time across Heterogeneous IoT Devices2024 IEEE 30th Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS)10.1109/RTAS61025.2024.00029(265-279)Online publication date: 13-May-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/RTAS61025.2024.00029
Afhamisis MPalattella M(2024)Feasibility Study of Synchronization in NTN-LoRaWAN with the REACT Method2024 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)10.1109/ICCWorkshops59551.2024.10615400(1322-1327)Online publication date: 9-Jun-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCWorkshops59551.2024.10615400
Povalac AKral JArthaber HKolar ONovak M(2023)Exploring LoRaWAN Traffic: In-Depth Analysis of IoT Network CommunicationsSensors10.3390/s2317733323:17(7333)Online publication date: 22-Aug-2023
https://doi.org/10.3390/s23177333
Zhu SZheng XLiu LMa H(2023)AirSync: Time Synchronization for Large-Scale IoT Networks Using Aircraft SignalsIEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing10.1109/TMC.2021.307064422:1(69-83)Online publication date: 1-Jan-2023
https://doi.org/10.1109/TMC.2021.3070644
Huan XChen WWang THu HZheng Y(2023)A One-Way Time Synchronization Scheme for Practical Energy-Efficient LoRa Network Based on Reverse Asymmetric FrameworkIEEE Transactions on Communications10.1109/TCOMM.2023.330551571:11(6468-6481)Online publication date: Nov-2023
https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOMM.2023.3305515
Sun ZYang HLiu KYin ZLi ZXu W(2022)Recent Advances in LoRa: A Comprehensive SurveyACM Transactions on Sensor Networks10.1145/354385618:4(1-44)Online publication date: 29-Nov-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3543856
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