More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/

research-article

Public Access

The Impact of Web Browser Reader Views on Reading Speed and User Experience

Authors:

Meredith Ringel Morris,

Katharina ReineckeAuthors Info & Claims

CHI '19: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

Paper No.: 524, Pages 1 - 12

https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300754

Published: 02 May 2019 Publication History

All formats PDF

Abstract

As reading increasingly shifts from paper to online media, many web browsers now provide a "Reader View,'' which modifies web page layout and design for better readability. However, research has yet to establish whether Reader Views are effective in improving readability and how they might change the user experience. We characterize how Mozilla Firefox's Reader View significantly reduces the visual complexity of websites by excluding menus, images, and content. We then conducted an online study with 391 participants (including 42 who self-reported having been diagnosed with dyslexia), showing that compared to standard websites the Reader View increased reading speed by 5% for readers on average, and significantly improved perceived readability and visual appeal. We suggest guidelines for the design of websites and browsers that better support people with varying reading skills.

Supplementary Material

ZIP File (paper524.zip)

We are providing all the stimuli (the 12 webpage screenshots and the list of associated comprehension questions and answers for each in a PDF file) used for the online experiment, described in Section 4.

Download
48.35 MB

References

[1]

Apple. 2018. Working with Safari Reader. https: //developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/Tools/ Conceptual/SafariExtensionGuide/WorkingWiththeReader/WorkingWiththeReader.html Accessed 15-September-2018.

[2]

International Dyslexia Association. 2017. Dyslexia Basics. https: //dyslexiaida.org/dyslexia-basics Accessed 31-August-2018.

[3]

Fakhrul Anuar Aziz and Husniza Husni. 2012. Interaction design for dyslexic children reading application: a guideline. (2012).

[4]

Yoav Benjamini and Yosef Hochberg. 1995. Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B (Methodological) (1995), 289--300.

[5]

Patricia Greig Bowers and Maryanne Wolf. 1993. Theoretical links among naming speed, precise timing mechanisms and orthographic skill in dyslexia. Reading and Writing 5, 1 (1993), 69--85.

[6]

World Wide Web Consortium. 2008. Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0. https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20/ Accessed 10-September-2018.

[7]

World Wide Web Consortium. 2018. CSS Values and Units Module Level 4. https://www.w3.org/TR/css-values/#px Accessed 10September-2018.

[8]

Anthony Creed, Ian Dennis, and Stephen Newstead. 1987. Proofreading on VDUs. Behaviour & Information Technology 6, 1 (1987), 3--13.

[9]

Lee J Cronbach. 1951. Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika 16, 3 (1951), 297--334.

[10]

Mary Czerwinski, Eric Horvitz, and Edward Cutrell. 2001. Subjective duration assessment: An implicit probe for software usability. In Proceedings of IHM-HCI 2001 conference, Vol. 2. 167--170.

[11]

Meredyth Daneman and Patricia A Carpenter. 1980. Individual differences in working memory and reading. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 19, 4 (1980), 450--466.

[12]

Andrew Dillon. 1992. Reading from paper versus screens: A critical review of the empirical literature. Ergonomics 35, 10 (1992), 1297--1326.

[13]

Mary Dyson and Mark Haselgrove. 2000. The effects of reading speed and reading patterns on the understanding of text read from screen. Journal of Research in Reading 23, 2 (2000), 210--223.

[14]

Mary C Dyson. 2004. How physical text layout affects reading from screen. Behaviour & Information Technology 23, 6 (2004), 377--393.

[15]

Mary C Dyson and Gary J Kipping. 1997. The legibility of screen formats: are three columns better than one? Computers & Graphics 21, 6 (1997), 703--712.

[16]

Adam Fourney, Meredith Ringel Morris, Abdullah Ali, and Laura Vonessen. 2018. Assessing the Readability of Web Search Results for Searchers with Dyslexia. In The 41st International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR '18). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 1069--1072.

Digital Library

[17]

Peter Gregor, Anna Dickinson, Alison Macaffer, and Peter Andreasen. 2003. SeeWord -- a personal word processing environment for dyslexic computer users. British Journal of Educational Technology 34, 3 (2003), 341--355.

[18]

Stefan Hawelka and Heinz Wimmer. 2005. Impaired visual processing of multi-element arrays is associated with increased number of eye movements in dyslexic reading. Vision Research 45, 7 (2005), 855--863.

[19]

Alexa Internet Inc. 2017. The Alexa Top Sites Services. http://www. alexa.com/topsites Accessed 15-August-2018.

[20]

James E Jackson. 2014. Towards Universally Accessible Typography: A Review of Research on Dyslexia. (2014).

[21]

Joseph R Jenkins, Lynn S Fuchs, Paul Van Den Broek, Christine Espin, and Stanley L Deno. 2003. Sources of individual differences in reading comprehension and reading fluency. Journal of Educational Psychology 95, 4 (2003), 719.

[22]

Sung Jun Joo, Alex L White, Douglas J Strodtman, and Jason D Yeatman. 2018. Optimizing text for an individual's visual system: The contribution of visual crowding to reading difficulties. Cortex 103 (2018), 291--301.

[23]

J Peter Kincaid, Robert P Fishburne Jr, Richard L Rogers, and Brad S Chissom. 1975. Derivation of new readability formulas (automated readability index, fog count and flesch reading ease formula) for navy enlisted personnel. (1975).

[24]

Yiren Kong, Young Sik Seo, and Ling Zhai. 2018. Comparison of reading performance on screen and on paper: A meta-analysis. Computers & Education 123 (2018), 138--149.

Digital Library

[25]

Sri Hastuti Kurniawan and Panayiotis Zaphiris. 2001. Reading online or on paper: Which is faster? (2001).

[26]

Kevin Larson and Rosalind Picard. 2005. The aesthetics of reading. In Appears in Human-Computer Interaction Consortium Conference, Snow Mountain Ranch, Fraser, Colorado.

[27]

Talia Lavie and Noam Tractinsky. 2004. Assessing Dimensions of Perceived Visual Aesthetics of Web Sites. Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Stud. 60, 3 (March 2004), 269--298.

Digital Library

[28]

Seija Leinonen, Kurt Müller, Paavo HT Leppänen, Mikko Aro, Timo Ahonen, and Heikki Lyytinen. 2001. Heterogeneity in adult dyslexic readers: Relating processing skills to the speed and accuracy of oral text reading. Reading and Writing 14, 3--4 (2001), 265--296.

[29]

Lori A Lott, Marilyn E Schneck, Gunilla Haegerström-portnoy, John A Brabyn, Ginny L Gildengorin, Catherine G West, et al. 2001. Reading performance in older adults with good acuity. Optometry and Vision Science 78, 5 (2001), 316--324.

[30]

Sascha Mahlke. 2008. Visual aesthetics and the user experience. In The Study of Visual Aesthetics in Human-Computer Interaction (Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings), Marc Hassenzahl, Gitte Lindgaard, Axel Platz, and Noam Tractinsky (Eds.). Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik, Germany, Dagstuhl, Germany. http://drops.dagstuhl.de/ opus/volltexte/2008/1624

[31]

Rahmatri Mardiko. 2018. Project VizWeb. https://bitbucket.org/ rmardiko/vizweb Accessed 11-September-2018.

[32]

Ignatius G Mattingly, J Kavanagh, and I Mattingly. 1972. Reading, the linguistic process, and linguistic awareness. (1972).

[33]

Microsoft. 2017. Reading View. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/ microsoft-edge/dev-guide/browser-features/reading-view Accessed 15-September-2018.

[34]

Microsoft. 2018. Learning Tools. https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/ education/products/learning-tools Accessed 10-September-2018.

[35]

Aliaksei Miniukovich, Antonella De Angeli, Simone Sulpizio, and Paola Venuti. 2017. Design Guidelines for Web Readability. In Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Designing Interactive Systems (DIS '17). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 285--296.

Digital Library

[36]

Meredith Ringel Morris, Adam Fourney, Abdullah Ali, and Laura Vonessen. 2018. Understanding the Needs of Searchers with Dyslexia. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '18). ACM, New York, NY, USA, Article 35, 12 pages.

Digital Library

[37]

Mozilla. 2018. Firefox Reader View for Clutter-free Web Pages. https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/ firefox-reader-view-clutter-free-web-pages Accessed 23-June2018.

[38]

Kate Nation and Margaret J Snowling. 1998. Semantic processing and the development of word-recognition skills: Evidence from children with reading comprehension difficulties. Journal of Memory and Language 39, 1 (1998), 85--101.

[39]

Jan M Noyes and Kate J Garland. 2008. Computer- vs. paper-based tasks: Are they equivalent? Ergonomics 51, 9 (2008), 1352--1375.

[40]

Lorraine A Ramig. 1983. Effects of physiological aging on speaking and reading rates. Journal of communication disorders 16, 3 (1983), 217--226.

[41]

Keith Rayner, Elizabeth R Schotter, Michael EJ Masson, Mary C Potter, and Rebecca Treiman. 2016. So much to read, so little time: How do we read, and can speed reading help? Psychological Science in the Public Interest 17, 1 (2016), 4--34.

[42]

Katharina Reinecke and Krzysztof Z. Gajos. 2014. Quantifying Visual Preferences Around the World. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '14). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 11--20.

Digital Library

[43]

Katharina Reinecke, Tom Yeh, Luke Miratrix, Rahmatri Mardiko, Yuechen Zhao, Jenny Liu, and Krzysztof Z. Gajos. 2013. Predicting Users' First Impressions of Website Aesthetics with a Quantification of Perceived Visual Complexity and Colorfulness. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '13). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 2049--2058.

Digital Library

[44]

Luz Rello. 2015. Dyslexia and Web Accessibility: Synergies and Challenges. In Proceedings of the 12th Web for All Conference (W4A '15). ACM, New York, NY, USA, Article 9, 4 pages.

Digital Library

[45]

Luz Rello and Ricardo Baeza-Yates. 2013. Good Fonts for Dyslexia. In Proceedings of the 15th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '13). ACM, New York, NY, USA, Article 14, 8 pages.

Digital Library

[46]

Luz Rello and Ricardo Baeza-Yates. 2016. The Effect of Font Type on Screen Readability by People with Dyslexia. ACM Trans. Access. Comput. 8, 4, Article 15 (May 2016), 33 pages.

Digital Library

[47]

Luz Rello and Ricardo Baeza-Yates. 2017. How to Present More Readable Text for People with Dyslexia. Univers. Access Inf. Soc. 16, 1 (March 2017), 29--49.

Digital Library

[48]

Luz Rello and Jeffrey P. Bigham. 2017. Good Background Colors for Readers: A Study of People with and Without Dyslexia. In Proceedings of the 19th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '17). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 72--80.

Digital Library

[49]

Luz Rello, Gaurang Kanvinde, and Ricardo Baeza-Yates. 2012. Layout Guidelines for Web Text and a Web Service to Improve Accessibility for Dyslexics. In Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A '12). ACM, New York, NY, USA, Article 36, 9 pages.

Digital Library

[50]

Claudia Rodríguez-Aranda. 2003. Reduced writing and reading speed and age-related changes in verbal fluency tasks. The Clinical Neuropsychologist 17, 2 (2003), 203--215.

[51]

Enrico Schulz, Urs Maurer, Sanne van der Mark, Kerstin Bucher, Silvia Brem, Ernst Martin, and Daniel Brandeis. 2008. Impaired semantic processing during sentence reading in children with dyslexia: combined fMRI and ERP evidence. Neuroimage 41, 1 (2008), 153--168.

[52]

Sally E Shaywitz. 1998. Dyslexia. New England Journal of Medicine 338, 5 (1998), 307--312.

[53]

Jaana Simola, Jarmo Kuisma, Anssi Öörni, Liisa Uusitalo, and Jukka Hyönä. 2011. The impact of salient advertisements on reading and attention on web pages. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 17, 2 (2011), 174.

[54]

Teng Ye, Katharina Reinecke, and Lionel P Robert Jr. 2017. Personalized Feedback Versus Money: The Effect on Reliability of Subjective Data in Online Experimental Platforms. In Companion of the 2017 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing. ACM, 343--346.

Digital Library

Cited By

Reed JMacfarlane AMakri S(2024)Mobile search made easier: An ability-based mobile search prototype for people with dyslexiaProceedings of the 2024 Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval10.1145/3627508.3638292(45-55)Online publication date: 10-Mar-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3627508.3638292
Cai TNiklaus AKerr BKraley MBylinskii Z(2024)COR Themes for Readability from Iterative FeedbackProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642108(1-23)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3613904.3642108
Seidel NMenze D(2024)Von der Analyse zur adaptiven Unterstützung beim LesenInformatik Spektrum10.1007/s00287-024-01572-0Online publication date: 23-Sep-2024
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00287-024-01572-0
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

The Impact of Web Browser Reader Views on Reading Speed and User Experience
1. Human-centered computing
  1. Accessibility
  2. Human computer interaction (HCI)
    1. Empirical studies in HCI

Recommendations

Design Guidelines for Web Readability
DIS '17: Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Designing Interactive Systems

Reading is fundamental to interactive-system use, but around 800 million of people might struggle with it due to literacy difficulties. Few websites are designed for high readability, as readability remains an underinvestigated facet of User Experience. ...
Designing web accessibility

The majority of websites have not been designed to make them accessible to all the people for whom they are intended. Nowadays, eEurope initiative (European Commission-eEurope, 2005), wants the institutions to become aware of the necessity of ...
Affording inclusive dyslexia-friendly online text reading

To date, guidelines for designing inclusive dyslexia-friendly online learning environments, which take into consideration both learners with and without dyslexia, are still scarce. As web text is one of the extensively used elements in online learning, ...

Comments

Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences

CHI '19: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

May 2019

9077 pages

ISBN:9781450359702

DOI:10.1145/3290605

General Chairs:
Stephen Brewster
University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
,
Geraldine Fitzpatrick
TU Wien, Austria
,
Program Chairs:
Anna Cox
University College London, UK
,
Vassilis Kostakos
University of Melbourne, Australia

Copyright © 2019 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

Sponsors

SIGCHI: ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 02 May 2019

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article

Funding Sources

Microsoft
NSF

Conference

CHI '19

Sponsor:

SIGCHI

CHI '19: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

May 4 - 9, 2019

Glasgow, Scotland Uk

Acceptance Rates

CHI '19 Paper Acceptance Rate 703 of 2,958 submissions, 24%;

Overall Acceptance Rate 6,199 of 26,314 submissions, 24%

Upcoming Conference

CHI 2025

Sponsor:
sigchi

ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

April 26 - May 1, 2025

Yokohama , Japan

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

19
Total Citations
View Citations
1,992
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)452
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)61

Reflects downloads up to 11 Dec 2024

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Reed JMacfarlane AMakri S(2024)Mobile search made easier: An ability-based mobile search prototype for people with dyslexiaProceedings of the 2024 Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval10.1145/3627508.3638292(45-55)Online publication date: 10-Mar-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3627508.3638292
Cai TNiklaus AKerr BKraley MBylinskii Z(2024)COR Themes for Readability from Iterative FeedbackProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642108(1-23)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3613904.3642108
Seidel NMenze D(2024)Von der Analyse zur adaptiven Unterstützung beim LesenInformatik Spektrum10.1007/s00287-024-01572-0Online publication date: 23-Sep-2024
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00287-024-01572-0
Wang HYu CYang X(2024)Web Accessibility Enhancement for Medical Consultation PlatformsComputer Science and Education. Computer Science and Technology10.1007/978-981-97-0730-0_3(21-33)Online publication date: 26-Feb-2024
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-0730-0_3
Enco-Jáuregui LMeneses-Claudio BAuccacusi-Kañahuire M(2023)Web accessibility for people with dyslexia: A systematic literature reviewEAI Endorsed Transactions on Pervasive Health and Technology10.4108/eetpht.9.42749Online publication date: 27-Oct-2023
https://doi.org/10.4108/eetpht.9.4274
Isik A(2023)Reading environment and fluent reading skillsPedagogical Research10.29333/pr/127238:1(em0148)Online publication date: 2023
https://doi.org/10.29333/pr/12723
Cai TNiklaus AKerr BKraley MBylinskii Z(2023)THERIF: Themes for Readability from Iterative FeedbackExtended Abstracts of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3544549.3585679(1-11)Online publication date: 19-Apr-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3544549.3585679
Niklaus ACai TBylinskii ZWallace S(2023)Digital Reading RulersProceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3544548.3581367(1-17)Online publication date: 19-Apr-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3544548.3581367
Gu KJun EAlthoff T(2023)Understanding and Supporting Debugging Workflows in Multiverse AnalysisProceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3544548.3581099(1-19)Online publication date: 19-Apr-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3544548.3581099
Raptis GTheodorou VKatsini C(2023)Towards Evaluating Image Recommendations in Digital News and Media Ecosystem2023 International Conference on Computer and Applications (ICCA)10.1109/ICCA59364.2023.10401593(1-6)Online publication date: 28-Nov-2023
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCA59364.2023.10401593
Show More Cited By

View Options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

HTML Format

View this article in HTML Format.

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Publication

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Table of Contents