Putting the OS in control of DRAM with mapping aliases

When an OS allocates memory to a process, it implicitly performs long-term scheduling on DRAM resources such as channels and banks: Each mapped page frame allows memory operations to send requests to the channels and DRAM banks which are backing that ...

Dynamic random access memory (DRAM) requires periodic refresh operations to retain its data. In practice, DRAM retention times are normally distributed from 64 ms to several seconds. However, the conventional refresh method uses 64 ms as the refresh ...

A DRAM chip requires periodic refresh operations to prevent data loss due to charge leakage in DRAM cells. Refresh operations incur significant performance overhead as a DRAM bank/rank becomes unavailable to service access requests while being ...