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A reflectance model for computer graphics

Authors:

Robert L. Cook,

Kenneth E. TorranceAuthors Info & Claims

ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, Volume 15, Issue 3

Pages 307 - 316

https://doi.org/10.1145/965161.806819

Published: 01 August 1981 Publication History

Abstract

This paper presents a new reflectance model for rendering computer synthesized images. The model accounts for the relative brightness of different materials and light sources in the same scene. It describes the directional distribution of the reflected light and a color shift that occurs as the reflectance changes with incidence angle. The paper presents a method for obtaining the spectral energy distribution of the light reflected from an object made of a specific real material and discusses a procedure for accurately reproducing the color associated with the spectral energy distribution. The model is applied to the simulation of a metal and a plastic.

References

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Beckmann, Petr and Spizzichino, Andre, The Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves from Rough Surfaces, MacMillan, pp. 1-33, 70-98, 1963.

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Blinn, James F. and Newell, Martin E., "Texture and Reflection in Computer Generated Images," Communications of the ACM, v.19 pp. 542-547, 1976.

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Davies, H., "The Reflection of Electromagnetic Waves from a Rough Surface," Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, v. 101 pp. 209-214, 1954.

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Gubareff, G. G., Janssen, J. E., and Torborg, R. H., Thermal Radiation Properties Survey: A Review of the Literature, Honeywell Research Center, Minneapolis, 1960.

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Meyer, Gary W., and Greenberg, Donald P., "Perceptual Color Spaces for Computer Graphics," SIGGRAPH 1980 Proceedings, Computer Graphics, v.14 #3 pp. 254-261, 1980.

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Purdue University, Thermophysical Properties of Matter, vol. 8: Thermal Radiative Properties of Nonmetallic Solids, 1970.

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Torrance, Kenneth E. and Sparrow, Ephraim M., "Biangular Reflectance of an Electric Nonconductor as a Function of Wavelength and Surface Roughness," Journal of Heat Transfer, v.87 pp. 283-292, 1965.

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Torrance, Kenneth E. and Sparrow, Ephraim M., "Theory for Off-Specular Reflection From Roughened Surfaces," Journal of the Optical Society of America, v.57 pp. 1105-1114, September 1967.

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Cited By

Ran DSun ZLu SOmasa K(2025)An advanced dorsiventral leaf radiative transfer model for simulating multi-angular and spectral reflection: Considering asymmetry of leaf internal and surface structureRemote Sensing of Environment10.1016/j.rse.2024.114531318(114531)Online publication date: Mar-2025
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2024.114531
Gong XWang FZhu DWang FZhao WChen SWang PZhang S(2024)Parameter Optimization Method for Metal Surface pBRDF Model Based on Improved Strawberry AlgorithmApplied Sciences10.3390/app1414602214:14(6022)Online publication date: 10-Jul-2024
https://doi.org/10.3390/app14146022
Razdobarin AShubin YBelokur ABogachev DElets DMedvedev OMukhin ESnigirev LAlekseenko I(2024)Conceptual Project for Diagnostics of Erosion of the First Wall and Divertor of the Tokamak with Reactor Technologies TRTFizika plazmy10.31857/S036729212404004250:4(409-426)Online publication date: 27-Nov-2024
https://doi.org/10.31857/S0367292124040042
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Index Terms

A reflectance model for computer graphics
1. Computing methodologies
  1. Computer graphics
    1. Rendering
      1. Reflectance modeling

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Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics

ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics Volume 15, Issue 3

August 1981

303 pages

ISSN:0097-8930

DOI:10.1145/965161

Issue’s Table of Contents

SIGGRAPH '81: Proceedings of the 8th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
August 1981
337 pages
ISBN:0897910451
DOI:10.1145/800224
Chairmen:
Doug Green,
Tony Lucido,
Henry Fuchs

Copyright © 1981 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

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Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 01 August 1981

Published in SIGGRAPH Volume 15, Issue 3

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Cited By

Ran DSun ZLu SOmasa K(2025)An advanced dorsiventral leaf radiative transfer model for simulating multi-angular and spectral reflection: Considering asymmetry of leaf internal and surface structureRemote Sensing of Environment10.1016/j.rse.2024.114531318(114531)Online publication date: Mar-2025
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2024.114531
Gong XWang FZhu DWang FZhao WChen SWang PZhang S(2024)Parameter Optimization Method for Metal Surface pBRDF Model Based on Improved Strawberry AlgorithmApplied Sciences10.3390/app1414602214:14(6022)Online publication date: 10-Jul-2024
https://doi.org/10.3390/app14146022
Razdobarin AShubin YBelokur ABogachev DElets DMedvedev OMukhin ESnigirev LAlekseenko I(2024)Conceptual Project for Diagnostics of Erosion of the First Wall and Divertor of the Tokamak with Reactor Technologies TRTFizika plazmy10.31857/S036729212404004250:4(409-426)Online publication date: 27-Nov-2024
https://doi.org/10.31857/S0367292124040042
Clausen OFuhrmann AMišiak MLatoschik MMarroquim R(2024)Rendering diffraction Phenomena on rough surfaces in Virtual RealityProceedings of the 30th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology10.1145/3641825.3689516(1-2)Online publication date: 9-Oct-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3641825.3689516
Huang BPeng BRen QLiao S(2024)Modeling and analysis of spectral polarization BRDF using dispersion modelFifth International Conference on Optoelectronic Science and Materials (ICOSM 2023)10.1117/12.3016324(30)Online publication date: 1-Feb-2024
https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3016324
Padrón‐Griffe JLanza DJarabo AMuñoz A(2024)A Surface‐based Appearance Model for Pennaceous FeathersComputer Graphics Forum10.1111/cgf.1523543:7Online publication date: 7-Nov-2024
https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.15235
Shah IGamboa LGruson ANarayanan P(2024)Neural Histogram‐Based Glint Rendering of Surfaces With Spatially Varying RoughnessComputer Graphics Forum10.1111/cgf.1515743:4Online publication date: 24-Jul-2024
https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.15157
Violante NGauthier ADiolatzis SLeimkühler TDrettakis G(2024)Physically‐Based Lighting for 3D Generative Models of CarsComputer Graphics Forum10.1111/cgf.1501143:2Online publication date: 30-Apr-2024
https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.15011
Pranovich AFrisvad JValyukh SGooran SNyström D(2024)Empirical BRDF Model for Goniochromatic Materials and Soft Proofing With Reflective InksIEEE Computer Graphics and Applications10.1109/MCG.2024.339137644:5(143-152)Online publication date: Sep-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/MCG.2024.3391376
Hou ZCai DDong R(2024)Structural Color in Amber-Entombed Wasp: A Detailed Study Using NS-FDTD SimulationsIEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2024.338950512(57163-57171)Online publication date: 2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3389505
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