[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/ Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia Feedback in a Stressed Population Exposed to a Brief Stressor Demonstrated by Quantitative EEG and sLORETA

  • Published:
Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Previous investigations of electroencephalograms during relaxation have identified increases in slow wave band power, correlations between increased levels of alpha activity with lower levels of anxiety, and autonomic changes characterized by otherwise documented decreased sympathetic activity. This study was carried out to determine the overall changes in quantitative electroencephalographic activity and the current source as a result of an acute session of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) biofeedback in a population of subjects experiencing stress. This study’s findings provide physiological evidence of RSA feedback effect and suggest that RSA training may decrease arousal by promoting an increase of alpha band frequencies and decrease in beta frequencies overall and in areas critical to the regulation of stress. It was of interest that novices could achieve these objective alterations in EEG activity after minimal training and intervention periods considering that the previous literature on EEG and meditative states involve experienced meditators or participants who had been given extensive training. Additionally, these effects were present immediately following the training suggesting that the intervention may have effects beyond the actual practice.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
£29.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (United Kingdom)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Allman, J. M., Hakeem, A., Erwin, J. M., Nimchinsky, E., & Hof, P. (2001). The anterior cingulate cortex: The evolution of an interface between emotion and cognition. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 935, 107–117.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bench, C. J., Friston, K. J., Brown, R. G., Scott, L. C., Frackowiak, R. S. J., & Dolan, R. J. (1992). The anatomy of melancholia: Focal brain abnormalities of cerebral blood flow in major depression. Psychological Medicine, 22, 607–615.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Botvinik, M. M., Braver, T. S., Barch, D. M., Carter, C. S., & Cohen, J. D. (2001). Conflict monitoring and cognitive control. Psychological Review, 108, 624–652.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bruder, G. E., Fong, R., Tenke, C. E., Leite, P., Towey, J. P., Stewart, J. E., et al. (1997). Regional brain asymmetries in major depression with and without an anxiety disorder: A quantitative electroencephalographic study. Biological Psychiatry, 41, 939–948.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brunton, P. J., Sausbier, M., Wietzorrek, G., Sausbier, U., Knaus, H. G., Russell, J. A., et al. (2007). Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hyporesponsiveness to restraint stress in mice deficient for large-conductance calcium- and voltage-activated potassium (BK) channels. Endocrinology, 148(11), 5496–5506.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bush, G., Luu, P., & Posner, M. I. (2000). Cognitive and emotional influences in anterior cingulate cortex. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4(6), 215–222.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cahn, B. R., & Polich, J. (2006). Meditation states and traits: EEG, ERP, and neuroimaging studies. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 180–211.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, S., & Williamson, G. (1988). Perceived stress in a probability sample of the United States. In S. Spacapan & S. Oskamp (Eds.), The social psychology of health: Claremont Symposium on applied social psychology. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 385–396.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Congedo, M. (2005a). EureKa! (Version 3.0). Mesa, AZ: Nova Tech EEG, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Congedo, M. (2005b). Marco’s tools (Version 1.3). Mesa, AZ: Nova Tech EEG, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Congedo, M., Lubar, J. G., & Joffe, D. (2004). Low-resolution electromagnetic tomography neurofeedback. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 12(4), 387–397.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Critchley, H. D., Melmed, R. N., Featherstone, E., Mathias, C. J., & Dolan, R. J. (2001). Brain activity during biofeedback relaxation: A functional neuroimaging investigation. Brain, 124, 1003–1012.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Critchley, H. D., Melmed, R. N., Featherstone, E., Mathias, C. J., & Dolan, R. J. (2002). Volitional control of autonomic arousal: A functional magnetic resonance study. Neuroimage, 16, 909–919.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Critchley, H. D., Mathias, C. J., Josephs, O., O’Doherty, J., Zanini, S., & Dewar, B. K. (2003). Human cingulate cortex and autonomic control: Converging neuroimaging and clinical evidence. Brain, 126, 2139–2152.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Diorio, D., Viau, V., & Meaney, M. J. (1993). The role of the medial prefrontal cortex (cingulate gyrus) in the regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal responses to stress. Journal of Neuroscience, 13, 3839–3847.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fallgatter, A. J., Bartsch, A. J., & Herrmann, M. J. (2002). Electrophysiological measurements of anterior cingulate function. Journal of Neural Transmission, 109, 977–988.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fenwick, P. B. (1987). Meditation and the EEG. In M. A. West (Ed.), The psychology of meditation (pp. 104–117). New York: Claredon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fredrikson, M., Fischer, H., & Wik, G. (1997). Cerebral blood flow during anxiety provocation. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 58, 16–21.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Frei, E., Gamma, A., Pascual-Marqui, R., Lehmann, D., Hell, D., & Vollenweifer, F. X. (2001). Localization of MDMA-induced brain activity in healthy volunteers using low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA). Human Brain Mapping, 14(3), 152–165.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gevirtz, R. & Lehrer, P. (2003). Resonant frequency heart rate biofeedback. In M. S. Schwartz & F. Andrasik (Eds.), Biofeedback: A practitioner’s guide (pp. 245–250). Wheatridge, CO: Association for Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gianaros, P. J., May, J. C., Siegle, G. J., & Jennings, J. R. (2005a). Is there a functional neural correlate of individual differences in cardiovascular reactivity? Psychosomatic Medicine, 67, 31–39.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gianaros, P. J., Derbyshire, S. W., May, J. C., Siegle, G. J., Gamalo, M. A., & Jennings, J. R. (2005b). Anterior cingulated activity correlates with blood pressure during stress. Psychophysiology, 42, 627–635.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hammond, D. C. (2005). Neurofeedback with anxiety and affective disorders. Child Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 14, 105–123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hardt, J. V., & Kamiya, J. (1978). Anxiety change through electroencephalographic alpha feedback seen only in high anxiety subjects. Science, 201, 79–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Holmes, A. P., Blair, R. C., Watson, J. D. G., & Ford, I. (1996). Nonparametric analysis of statistic images from functional mapping experiments. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 16, 7–22.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Holroyd, J. (2003). The science of meditation and the state of hypnosis. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 46, 109–128.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hubbard, J., & Workman, E. (1997). On the nature of stress. In J. R. Hubbard & E. A. Workman (Eds.), Handbook of stress medicine. New York: CRC Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Isotani, T., Tanaka, H., Lehmann, D., Pascual-Marqui, R. D., Kochi, K., Saito, N., et al. (2001). Source localization of EEG activity during hypnotically induced anxiety and relaxation. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 41, 143–153.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kamei, T., Toriumi, Y., Kimura, H., Ohno, S., Kumano, H., & Kimura, K. (2000). Decrease in serum cortisol during yoga exercise is correlated with alpha wave activation. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 90, 1027–1032.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Klimesch, W. (1999). EEG alpha and theta oscillations reflect cognitive and memory performance: A review and analysis. Brain Research. Brain Research Reviews, 29(2–3), 169–195.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Laird, A. R., McMillan, K. M., Lancaster, J. L., Kochunov, P., Turkeltaub, P. E., & Pardo, J. V. (2005). A comparison of label-based review and ALE meta-analysis in the Stroop task. Human Brain Mapping, 25, 6–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lanius, R. A., Williamson, P. C., Hopper, J., Densmore, M., Boksman, K., Gupta, M. A., et al. (2003). Recall of emotional states in posttraumatic stress disorder: An fMRI investigation. Society of Biological Psychiatry, 53, 204–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lazar, S. W., Bush, G., Gollub, R. L., Fricchione, G. L., Khalsa, G., & Benson, H. (2000). Functional brain mapping of the relaxation response and meditation. Neuroreport, 11(7), 1581–1585.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lehrer, P. M. (2007). Biofeedback training to increase heart rate variability. In P. M. Lehrer, R. L. Woolfolk, & W. E. Sime (Eds.), Principles and practice of stress management (3rd ed., pp. 227–248). Guilford: NY.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lehrer, P. M., Vaschillo, E., Vaschillo, B., Lu, S., Eckberg, D. L., Edelberg, R., et al. (2003). Heart rate variability biofeedback increases baroreflex gain and peak expiratory flow. Psychosomatic Medicine, 65, 796–805.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lehrer, P. M., Woolfolk, R. L., & Sime, W. E. (2007). Principles and practice of stress management (3rd ed.). New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lou, H. C., Kjaer, T. W., Friberg, L., Wildschiodtz, G., Holm, S., & Nowak, M. (1999). A 150–H2O PET study of meditation an the resting state of normal consciousness. Human Brain Mapping, 7(2), 98–105.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maddock, R. J., Garrett, A. S., & Buonocore, M. H. (2003a). Posterior cingulate cortex activation by emotional words: FMRI evidence from a valence decision task. Human Brain Mapping, 18, 30–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maddock, R. J., Buonocore, M. H., Kile, S. J., & Garrett, A. S. (2003b). Brain regions showing increased activation by threat- related words in panic disorder. Neuroreport, 14, 325–328.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McEwen, B. S. (1998). Stress, adaptation, and disease: Allostasis and allostatic load. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 840, 33–44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McEwen, B. S. (2002). The end of stress as we know it. Washington, DC: John Henry Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • McEwen, B. S. (2007). Physiology and neurobiology of stress and adaptation: Central role of the brain. Physiological Reviews, 87, 873–904.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Papousek, I., & Schulter, G. (2001). Associations between EEG asymmetries and electrodermal lability in low vs. high depressive and anxious normal individuals. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 41, 105–117.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pascual-Marqui, R. D. (1999). Review of methods for solving the EEG inverse problem. International Journal of Bioelectromagnetism, 1(1), 75–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pascual-Marqui, R. D. (2002). Standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA): Technical details. Methods and Findings in Experimental Clinical Pharmacology, 24(Suppl.D), 5–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pascual-Marqui, R. D., Michel, C. M., & Lehmann, D. (1994). Low resolution electromagnetic tomography: A new method for localizing electrical activity in the brain. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 18(1), 49–65.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Peiffer, C., Poline, J. B., Thivard, L., Aubier, M., & Samson, Y. (2001). Neural substrates for the perception of acutely induced dyspnea. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 163, 951–957.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Porges, S. W. (1995). Cardiac vagal tone: A physiological index of stress. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 19(2), 225–233.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Porges, S. W. (2007). The polyvagal perspective. Biological Psychology, 74, 116–143.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sheehan, D. V., Lecrubier, Y., Harnett-Sheehan, K., Amorim, P., Janavs, J., & Weiller, E. (1998). The mini international neuropsychiatric interview (M.I.N.I.): The development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 59(suppl 20), 22–33.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sherlin, L., Budzynski, T., Budzynski, H. K., Congedo, M., Fischer, M. E., Buchwald, D., et al. (2007). Low-resolution electromagnetic brain tomography (LORETA) of monozygotic twins discordant for chronic fatigue syndrome. NeuroImage, 34(4), 1438–1442.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sherlin, L., Gevirtz, R., Wyckoff, S., & Muench, F. (2009). Effects of respiratory sinus arrhythmia biofeedback versus passive biofeedback control. International Journal of Stress Management, 16(3), 233–248.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simpson, J. R., Drevets, W. C., Snyder, A. Z., Gusnard, D. A., & Raichle, M. E. (2001). Emotion-induced changes in human medial prefrontal cortex: II. During anticipatory anxiety. Proceeding of the National Academy of Science, 98, 688–693.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., Luschene, R. E., Vagg, P. R., & Jacobs, G. A. (1983). Manual for the state–trait anxiety inventory form Y. CA: Mind Garden Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan, R. M., & Gratton, A. (2002). Lateralized effects of medial prefrontal cortex lesions on neuroendocrine and autonomic stress responses in rats. The Journal of Neuroscience, 19, 2834–2840.

    Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi, T., Murata, T., Hamada, T., Omori, M., Kasaka, H., Kikuchi, M., et al. (2005). Changes in EEG and autonomic nervous activity during meditation and their association with personality traits. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 55, 199–207.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Talairach, J., & Tournoux, P. (1988). Co-planar stereotaxic atlas of the human brain. New York: Thieme.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thayer, J., & Sternberg, E. (2006). Beyond heart rate variability: Vagal regulation of allostatic systems. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 1088, 361–372.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Towle, V. L., Bolanos, J., Suarez, D., Tan, K., Grzeszczuk, R., Levin, D. N., et al. (1993). The spatial location of EEG electrodes: Locating the best fitting sphere relative to cortical anatomy. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophsyiology, 86, 1–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vaschillo, E., Lehrer, P., Rishe, N., & Konstantinov, M. (2002). Heart rate variability biofeedback as a method for assessing baroreflex function: A preliminary study of resonance in the cardiovascular system. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 27, 1–27.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vaschillo, E., Vaschillo, B., & Lehrer, P. M. (2004). Heartbeat synchronizes with respiratory rhythm only under specific circumstances. Chest, 126, 1385–1386.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vogt, B. A., Derbyshire, S., & Jones, A. K. P. (1996). Pain processing in four regions of human cingulate cortex localized with co-registered PET and MR imaging. European Journal of Neuroscience, 8, 1461–1473.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, S. M., White, L. E., & Mace, A. C. (2005). SylviusVG: Visual glossary of human neuroanatomy. Sunderland, MA: Pyramis Studios, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was funded by corporate grant H1000 from Helicor, Inc (L. Sherlin). Frederick Muench is the Director of Clinical Research and Development at Helicor, Inc. There are no other financial conflicts of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nova Tech EEG, Inc., 8503 E. Keats Ave, Mesa, AZ, 85209, USA

    Leslie Sherlin & Sarah Wyckoff

  2. Department of Mind–Body Medicine, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine and Health Sciences, Tempe, AZ, USA

    Leslie Sherlin & Sarah Wyckoff

  3. University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA

    Leslie Sherlin & Sarah Wyckoff

  4. East Valley Neurofeedback and Peak Performance Center, Mesa, AZ, USA

    Sarah Wyckoff

  5. Helicor, New York, NY, USA

    Fred Muench

  6. The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

    Fred Muench

Authors
  1. Leslie Sherlin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Fred Muench
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sarah Wyckoff
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Leslie Sherlin.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Sherlin, L., Muench, F. & Wyckoff, S. Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia Feedback in a Stressed Population Exposed to a Brief Stressor Demonstrated by Quantitative EEG and sLORETA. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 35, 219–228 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-010-9132-z

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-010-9132-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation