Conditional statements in Java are used to control the execution flow based on certain conditions. Usually conditional statements work by evaluating boolean expressions. In this article, we will explore the basics of the conditional statements.
1. if Statement
The if statement evaluates a condition and executes the code block only if the condition is true.
Syntax:
if (condition) {
// Code to execute if the condition is true
}
Example:
int number = 10;
if (number > 5) {
System.out.println("Number is greater than 5.");
}
2. if-else Statement
The if-else statement provides an alternate block of code to execute when the condition is false.
Syntax:
if (condition) {
// Code to execute if the condition is true
} else {
// Code to execute if the condition is false
}
Example:
int number = 3;
if (number % 2 == 0) {
System.out.println("Number is even.");
} else {
System.out.println("Number is odd.");
}
3. else-if
The else if statement is useful for evaluating multiple conditions sequentially. If a condition evaluates to true, its corresponding code block is executed, and the remaining conditions are skipped. Usually else if statement is used to form a nested if-else block.
Syntax:
if (condition1) {
// Code for condition1
} else if (condition2) {
// Code for condition2
} else {
// Code if none of the above conditions are true
}
Example:
int marks = 85;
if (marks >= 90) {
System.out.println("Grade: A");
} else if (marks >= 80) {
System.out.println("Grade: B");
} else if (marks >= 70) {
System.out.println("Grade: C");
} else {
System.out.println("Grade: D");
}
4. Ternary Operator
The ternary operator (? :) is shorthand for the if-else statement. It assigns a value based on a condition.
Syntax:
variable = (condition) ? value1 : value2;
Example:
int number = 10;
String result = (number % 2 == 0) ? "Even" : "Odd";
System.out.println("Number is " + result + ".");
5. switch-case
The switch statement is an alternative to using multiple if-elseconditions for evaluating a single variable.
Syntax:
switch (variable) {
case value1:
// Code for value1
break;
case value2:
// Code for value2
break;
// More cases
default:
// Code if none of the cases match
}
Example:
int day = 3;
switch (day) {
case 1:
System.out.println("Monday");
break;
case 2:
System.out.println("Tuesday");
break;
case 3:
System.out.println("Wednesday");
break;
default:
System.out.println("Invalid day");
}
Conclusion
Conditional statements are a fundamental concept in Java programming language. To build applications, mastering this concept is a must.
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