- (As defined by Statistics Sweden, see instructions VIII:3.) A:8 21. (a) Did the Company Group participate in any R&D co-operation(s) with companies outside the Group in 1994? Includes formal projects such as Joint Ventures as well as informal projects (b) If Yes, make a reasonable estimate of how large share of total Group R&D expenditures (question 20) that was due to this co-operation. Percent. Yes No % 22. Please give reasonable estimates of the share of total group R&D costs which is due to: Product related (question 20) R&D New products or improvements of existing products. % Process related R&D New or improvements of existing manufacturing processes. % Sum 100 % Answer questions 23, 27-29 and 31 for the group as a whole and in relation to how much of this total amount concerns the Swedish part of the group and EU affiliates. The other questions on this page should only be answered for the group as a whole.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- A:1 FORM A CONFIDENTIAL ACTIVITIES OF SWEDISH MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISES ABROAD 1994 THE INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTE FOR ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL RESEARCH (IUI) BOX 5501, S-114 85 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN TEL: +46 8-783 84 01 (switchboard) FAX: +46 8-661 79 69 CONTACT PERSONS: Patrik Karpaty tel: +46 8-783 84 09 Gunnar Fors tel: +46 8-783 84 51 The forms should be returned before 28 April 1994 to the Industrial Institute for Economic and Social Research.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- A:2 4. List below the industrial enterprises situated in Sweden with at least fifty employees which joined/left the group in the period 1990-1994, together with other details of these enterprises. See instructions III and VIII:1 Company name Sector (acc. to code in VIII:1) Year joined Year left Number of employees at the time of acquisition/divestment Continue on a separate sheet if the table is not large enough.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Andersson,T., Fredriksson, T., Svensson, R. (1995). Multinational Restructuring, Internationalization and Small Economies. The Swedish Case: Routledge, London.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- At present (May 1996) the answer rate is about 75 percent for the 1994 questionnaire. The total number of firms that will be covered in the 1994 survey is expected to be approximately 170 parent companies and 800 foreign affiliates. Most of the large Swedish corporations are incorporated in the most recent questionnaire, and hence no major change in the results obtained at this stage are expected as the number of firms increase. Yet it should be stressed that the results presented here are preliminary and should be interpreted with caution. With regard to the classification on industries and regions, the following groups have been used: Asia: India, Pakistan, Burma, Sri Lanka (Ceylon), Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, Japan, Lebanon, China, Indonesia, Hong Kong, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Republic of Korea, Taiwan, Other Asia....
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Average for the year. NB Sweden, Austria, and Finland did not belong to the EU in 1994. A:3 7. Number of employees in sales affiliates abroad. See instructions III. Add up the employees of sales affiliates and specify by country.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- B:2 MSEK 1994 4. (a) Total invoiced exports of 3 (a) Including exports to other companies in the group. Make reasonable estimates. of which (b) exports to Sweden. (c) exports to Swedish companies in the group.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- B:3 MSEK 1994 9. Book value of fixed assets (planned residual value or net carrying value) Relates to machinery, equipments and real estate. 10. (a) Total liabilities (incl. deferred tax liability in untaxed reserves) of which (b) long-term debt to the Swedish companies in the group. 11. Total equity (incl. equity portion of untaxed reserves). 12. Total assets (book value).
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Brainard, S., 1992, A Simple Theory of Multinational Corporations and Trade with a Trade-Off Between Proximity and Concentration, NBER WP.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Braunerhjelm, P., 1990, Svenska industriföretag inför EG 1992, IUI and ÖEB, Stockholm.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Braunerhjelm, P., 1996, Regional Integration and the Location of Multinational Production, Dissertation, IUI, Stockholm Eliasson, G., Bergholm, F., Eva Christina Horwitz, Lars Jonung, 1985, De svenska storföretagen, IUI, Stockholm.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Country IUI code (to be filled in by IUI) Number of employees 1994 Continue on a separate sheet if the table is not large enough. 8. Details of other operating affiliates abroad. See instructions III and VIII:2 . Country IUI code (to be filled in by IUI) Type of business by code in VIII:2 Number of employees Continue on a separate sheet if the table is not large enough.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- EU: Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany (excl. former East Germany), Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, and United Kingdom. EFTA: Austria, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Switzerland, Sweden (and Denmark, Ireland, and United Kingdom before 1973). Eastern Europe: Former Soviet Union, the Baltic States, EastGermany, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Poland Nafta: Canada, Mexico, United States Latin America: Argentina, Brazil, Chile OECD-Europe: EU, EFTA (excl. former East Germany), Turkey, Cyprus and Malta.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- I. Which companies are to answer the questionnaire? The investigation comprise all Swedish manufacturing enterprises having foreign affiliates in 1994.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Krugman, P., 1991, Increasing Returns and Economic Geography, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 99, pp. 483-500.
- Markusen, J., 1996, Incorporating the Multinational Enterprise into the Theory of International Trade, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol.9, pp.169-189.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Markusen, J., Venables, A., 1994, Multinational Firms and the New Trade Theory, NBER WP No. 5036.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Markusen, J., Venables, A., 1996, The Theory of Endowment, Intra-Industry, and Multinational Trade, NBER WP, No. 5529.
- MSEK 1994 13. Proportion of the share capital owned See instructions VIII:5. (a) directly and indirectly by the parent company of the group. % (b) directly by the Swedish companies in the group. % MSEK 1994 14. Operating income before depreciation 15. Depreciation according to plan 16. Total interest expense 17. Income after financial interest and expense 18. (a) Net income. (b) Total dividend proposed/declared. 19. Total expenditure on wages and salaries (incl. fringe benefits). See instructions VIII:4 .
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- MSEK 1994 5. (a) Imports of goods from the Swedish companies in the group Make reasonable estimates. of which (b) goods for resale with no processing by the affiliate. (c) goods for processing by the affiliate. 6. Make-up of the affiliate's production as in 3 (b) above. State the principal products/product lines made by the affiliate, together with the proportion of production held by each. See question 14 of form A. If possible, use the same names of products/product lines as in question A:14. Give ISIC/SNI- 92 codes if you used these codes in question A:14 instead of the names of products/product lines.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Number 1994 20. (a) Number of employees. Average number of employees during the year. of which (b) recruited from the Swedish companies in the group. Make a reasonable assessment. B:4 22. Additional information.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Number 1994 5. The number of production affiliates abroad. See instructions III. For each such affiliate, one form B should be sent in.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- OECD, 1994, International Direct Investments Statistics Yearbook, OECD, Paris. Statistics Sweden, various issues, Örebro.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Parent company of the group: ........................................................................................... 2. (a) Since what year has the affiliate been a production company of the group? (b) Was the affiliate a sales company of the group before the year mentioned above? (c) Did the affiliate operate as a production company of another group before the year mentioned? .................. yes .... no .... yes .... no .... MSEK 1994 3. (a) Total invoiced sales Sales should be stated net, i.e. after deductions for revenue tax, discounts and returns. of which (b) goods made or assembled by the affiliate. Make a reasonable assessment. The difference between 3a and 3b is made up of goods which are resold only, without being processed by the affiliate.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Please also enclose a copy of the Annual Report 1994 for the company group. Send the forms and the Annual Report in the enclosed postage free envelope named svarskuvert.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Products/product lines (or ISIC/SNI-92 codes) IUI code (to be filled in by IUI) Share of total production (as in 3b) % Total 100 % MSEK 1994 7. Capital expenditure. Relates to gross investments in machinery, equipment and buildings. 8. Expenditure on research and development (R & D). Excluding payments between group companies. R & D expenditure refers to both current expenses and depreciation on capital equipment for R & D. Both R & D carried out in-house and R & D commissioned by the affiliate from a third party should be included (as defined by Statistics Sweden, see instructions VIII:3).
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Subsidiaries located in the European Union (EU) constitute the EU part of the group The EU contains the following countries; Belgium Germany Greece France Great Britain Denmark Italy Spain Ireland Netherlands Portugal Luxembourg Please note: Sweden, Austria, and Finland did not belong to the EU in 1994. IV. The disposition of the questionnaire The questionnaire is sent to the parent company of the group who also answers for directly and indirectly owned foreign affiliates. The questionnaire contains two formulae. Form A is to be returned in one copy and concern information on the company group in Sweden and its interest abroad. Companies which have producing affiliates abroad are asked to answer form B as well. For each and everyone of the producing foreign affiliates, one copy of form B is to be filled in. More copies of form B can be obtained from the IUI.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Svensson, R., 1996, Foreign Activities of Swedish Multinational Corporations, Dissertation, IUI, Stockholm Swedenborg, B., 1979, The Multinational Operations of Swedish Firms. An Analysis of Determinants and Effects, Dissertation, IUI, Stockholm.
- V. Rate of exchange All figures are to be expressed in Swedish crowns after conversion according to the rates of exchange in the consolidated financial statements of 1994.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- VI. Accounting year All questions in the questionnaire concern the calendar year 1994. Items on the balance sheet should refer to December the 31st. Companies with broken financial year should leave information for the accounting year which most closely coincide with the calendar year. If your accounting year covers the period 1st of July to the 30th of June, then please forward the figures for the accounting year 1993/94. If the company has a broken accounting year, or does not cover 12 months, then please mention this in the questionnaire. VII. Precision in the answers If you have difficulties in gathering exact information, please make reasonable estimates. Try to make the estimates comparable between different affiliates and countries. If the information provided is highly uncertain, please indicate so under additional information in the A- and B formulas.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Worldwide of which in Sweden of which in EU countries 6. Total number of group employees in 1994.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now