Federalism by the numbers: Federal mandates
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- See also: Unfunded mandates
The term federal mandate refers to any regulation or court ruling that imposes a binding obligation on a state or local government, including conditions for federal funding or unfunded mandates.[1]
This page includes data related to federal mandates enacted between 2007 and 2019. Regulations or other requirements imposed by a higher level of government on a lower one, but without accompanying appropriations to cover the cost of compliance, are known as unfunded mandates. The actual costs of unfunded mandates are difficult if not impossible to discern with accuracy. The Congressional Budget Office enacts intergovernmental and private-sector mandates.
Total number of federal mandates enacted between 2007 and 2019
The following charts show the total number of federal mandates enacted between 2007 and 2019, including 420 intergovernmental mandates and 790 private-sector mandates.
Total number of intergovernmental mandates enacted between 2007 and 2019
The following charts show the number of intergovernmental mandates enacted each year between 2007 and 2019. There have been a total of 420 mandates enacted within 190 laws.
Total number of private-sector mandates enacted between 2007 and 2019
The following charts show the number of private-sector mandates enacted each year between 2007 and 2019. There have been a total of 790 mandates enacted within 294 laws.
Total number of intergovernmental mandates and private-sector mandates enacted between 2007 and 2019 that exceed the statutory threshold
The following charts show the number of intergovernmental and private-sector mandates enacted each year between 2007 and 2019 that exceed the statutory threshold. The statutory threshold for intergovernmental mandates is $50 million annually and the statutory threshold for private-sector mandates is $100 million annually. There have been a total of 15 intergovernmental mandates enacted that exceed $50 million annually and a total of 118 private-sector mandates enacted that exceed $100 million annually.
Total number of intergovernmental mandates enacted between 1996 and 2019 that exceed the statutory threshold
The following charts show the total number of intergovernmental mandates enacted between 1996 and 2019 that exceed the statutory threshold according to the topic of the mandate. The statutory threshold for intergovernmental mandates is $50 million annually. The table below also includes the corresponding statutes for each intergovernmental mandate.
Total number of private-sector mandates enacted between 1996 and 2019 that exceed the statutory threshold
The following charts show the total number of private-sector mandates enacted between 1996 and 2019 that exceed the statutory threshold according to the topic of the mandate. The statutory threshold for private-sector mandates is $100 million annually. The table below also includes the corresponding statutes for each private-sector mandate.
Total number of final regulations with federalism impacts enacted between 1996 and 2020
The following chart shows the total number of final regulations with federalism impacts enacted between 1996 and 2020. The Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs defines federalism implications as "actions 'that have substantial direct effects on the States, on the relationship between the national government and the States, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government.'"[2]
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