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    <abstract>Open Domain Question Answering (QA) is evolving from complex pipelined systems to end-to-end deep neural networks. Specialized neural models have been developed for extracting answers from either text alone or Knowledge Bases (KBs) alone. In this paper we look at a more practical setting, namely QA over the combination of a KB and entity-linked text, which is appropriate when an incomplete KB is available with a large text corpus. Building on recent advances in graph representation learning we propose a novel model, GRAFT-Net, for extracting answers from a question-specific subgraph containing text and KB entities and relations. We construct a suite of benchmark tasks for this problem, varying the difficulty of questions, the amount of training data, and KB completeness. We show that GRAFT-Net is competitive with the state-of-the-art when tested using either KBs or text alone, and vastly outperforms existing methods in the combined setting.</abstract>
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%0 Conference Proceedings
%T Open Domain Question Answering Using Early Fusion of Knowledge Bases and Text
%A Sun, Haitian
%A Dhingra, Bhuwan
%A Zaheer, Manzil
%A Mazaitis, Kathryn
%A Salakhutdinov, Ruslan
%A Cohen, William
%Y Riloff, Ellen
%Y Chiang, David
%Y Hockenmaier, Julia
%Y Tsujii, Jun’ichi
%S Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
%D 2018
%8 oct nov
%I Association for Computational Linguistics
%C Brussels, Belgium
%F sun-etal-2018-open
%X Open Domain Question Answering (QA) is evolving from complex pipelined systems to end-to-end deep neural networks. Specialized neural models have been developed for extracting answers from either text alone or Knowledge Bases (KBs) alone. In this paper we look at a more practical setting, namely QA over the combination of a KB and entity-linked text, which is appropriate when an incomplete KB is available with a large text corpus. Building on recent advances in graph representation learning we propose a novel model, GRAFT-Net, for extracting answers from a question-specific subgraph containing text and KB entities and relations. We construct a suite of benchmark tasks for this problem, varying the difficulty of questions, the amount of training data, and KB completeness. We show that GRAFT-Net is competitive with the state-of-the-art when tested using either KBs or text alone, and vastly outperforms existing methods in the combined setting.
%R 10.18653/v1/D18-1455
%U https://aclanthology.org/D18-1455
%U https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/D18-1455
%P 4231-4242

Markdown (Informal)

[Open Domain Question Answering Using Early Fusion of Knowledge Bases and Text](https://aclanthology.org/D18-1455) (Sun et al., EMNLP 2018)

• Open Domain Question Answering Using Early Fusion of Knowledge Bases and Text (Sun et al., EMNLP 2018)

ACL

• Haitian Sun, Bhuwan Dhingra, Manzil Zaheer, Kathryn Mazaitis, Ruslan Salakhutdinov, and William Cohen. 2018. Open Domain Question Answering Using Early Fusion of Knowledge Bases and Text. In Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pages 4231–4242, Brussels, Belgium. Association for Computational Linguistics.