Significant lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are very common in men over age 50. It is appropriate for the primary care physician to perform the work up to confirm that benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is causing the LUTS. If the physician determines that the patient has moderate symptoms (an International Prostate Symptom Score [IPSS] ≥ 8), moderate 'bother' (≥ 3 on the IPSS "bothersome index" question), and an enlarged (> 30 cc) prostate, then the most effective treatment is combination therapy with an alpha blocker and 5-alpha reductase inhibitor (5-ARI) at the time of confirmed BPH diagnosis. This combination will provide the most dramatic, early symptom response, the most sustained symptom response, and the most durable, reliable prevention of long term sequelae (acute urinary retention or the need for surgery), if the patient is compliant with taking the combination therapy.