From HPO
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis- MedGen UID:
- 4904
- •Concept ID:
- C0017668
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Segmental accumulation of scar tissue in individual (but not all) glomeruli.
Feeding difficulties- MedGen UID:
- 65429
- •Concept ID:
- C0232466
- •
- Finding
Impaired ability to eat related to problems gathering food and getting ready to suck, chew, or swallow it.
Hearing impairment- MedGen UID:
- 235586
- •Concept ID:
- C1384666
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
A decreased magnitude of the sensory perception of sound.
Dysarthria- MedGen UID:
- 8510
- •Concept ID:
- C0013362
- •
- Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Dysarthric speech is a general description referring to a neurological speech disorder characterized by poor articulation. Depending on the involved neurological structures, dysarthria may be further classified as spastic, flaccid, ataxic, hyperkinetic and hypokinetic, or mixed.
Gliosis- MedGen UID:
- 4899
- •Concept ID:
- C0017639
- •
- Pathologic Function
Gliosis is the focal proliferation of glial cells in the central nervous system.
Intellectual disability, mild- MedGen UID:
- 10044
- •Concept ID:
- C0026106
- •
- Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Mild intellectual disability is defined as an intelligence quotient (IQ) in the range of 50-69.
Spasticity- MedGen UID:
- 7753
- •Concept ID:
- C0026838
- •
- Sign or Symptom
A motor disorder characterized by a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes with increased muscle tone, exaggerated (hyperexcitable) tendon reflexes.
Neurodegeneration- MedGen UID:
- 17999
- •Concept ID:
- C0027746
- •
- Cell or Molecular Dysfunction
Progressive loss of neural cells and tissue.
Seizure- MedGen UID:
- 20693
- •Concept ID:
- C0036572
- •
- Sign or Symptom
A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.
Status epilepticus- MedGen UID:
- 11586
- •Concept ID:
- C0038220
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Status epilepticus is a type of prolonged seizure resulting either from the failure of the mechanisms responsible for seizure termination or from the initiation of mechanisms which lead to abnormally prolonged seizures (after time point t1). It is a condition that can have long-term consequences (after time point t2), including neuronal death, neuronal injury, and alteration of neuronal networks, depending on the type and duration of seizures.
Hyperreflexia- MedGen UID:
- 57738
- •Concept ID:
- C0151889
- •
- Finding
Hyperreflexia is the presence of hyperactive stretch reflexes of the muscles.
Corpus callosum, agenesis of- MedGen UID:
- 104498
- •Concept ID:
- C0175754
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
The corpus callosum is the largest fiber tract in the central nervous system and the major interhemispheric fiber bundle in the brain. Formation of the corpus callosum begins as early as 6 weeks' gestation, with the first fibers crossing the midline at 11 to 12 weeks' gestation, and completion of the basic shape by age 18 to 20 weeks (Schell-Apacik et al., 2008). Agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) is one of the most frequent malformations in brain with a reported incidence ranging between 0.5 and 70 in 10,000 births. ACC is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous condition, which can be observed either as an isolated condition or as a manifestation in the context of a congenital syndrome (see MOLECULAR GENETICS and Dobyns, 1996). Also see mirror movements-1 and/or agenesis of the corpus callosum (MRMV1; 157600).
Schell-Apacik et al. (2008) noted that there is confusion in the literature regarding radiologic terminology concerning partial absence of the corpus callosum, where various designations have been used, including hypogenesis, hypoplasia, partial agenesis, or dysgenesis.
Areflexia- MedGen UID:
- 115943
- •Concept ID:
- C0234146
- •
- Finding
Absence of neurologic reflexes such as the knee-jerk reaction.
Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum- MedGen UID:
- 138005
- •Concept ID:
- C0344482
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Underdevelopment of the corpus callosum.
Global developmental delay- MedGen UID:
- 107838
- •Concept ID:
- C0557874
- •
- Finding
A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.
Hyporeflexia- MedGen UID:
- 195967
- •Concept ID:
- C0700078
- •
- Finding
Reduction of neurologic reflexes such as the knee-jerk reaction.
Cerebellar atrophy- MedGen UID:
- 196624
- •Concept ID:
- C0740279
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Cerebellar atrophy is defined as a cerebellum with initially normal structures, in a posterior fossa with normal size, which displays enlarged fissures (interfolial spaces) in comparison to the foliae secondary to loss of tissue. Cerebellar atrophy implies irreversible loss of tissue and result from an ongoing progressive disease until a final stage is reached or a single injury, e.g. an intoxication or infectious event.
Increased CSF lactate- MedGen UID:
- 257904
- •Concept ID:
- C1167918
- •
- Finding
Increased concentration of lactate in the cerebrospinal fluid.
Developmental regression- MedGen UID:
- 324613
- •Concept ID:
- C1836830
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Loss of developmental skills, as manifested by loss of developmental milestones.
Easy fatigability- MedGen UID:
- 373253
- •Concept ID:
- C1837098
- •
- Finding
Increased susceptibility to fatigue.
Neuronal loss in central nervous system- MedGen UID:
- 342515
- •Concept ID:
- C1850496
- •
- Finding
CNS hypomyelination- MedGen UID:
- 892446
- •Concept ID:
- C4025616
- •
- Finding
Reduced amount of myelin in the central nervous system resulting from defective myelinogenesis.
Hypotonia- MedGen UID:
- 10133
- •Concept ID:
- C0026827
- •
- Finding
Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.
Myopathy- MedGen UID:
- 10135
- •Concept ID:
- C0026848
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
A disorder of muscle unrelated to impairment of innervation or neuromuscular junction.
Muscle weakness- MedGen UID:
- 57735
- •Concept ID:
- C0151786
- •
- Finding
Reduced strength of muscles.
Proximal muscle weakness- MedGen UID:
- 113169
- •Concept ID:
- C0221629
- •
- Finding
A lack of strength of the proximal muscles.
Weakness of facial musculature- MedGen UID:
- 98103
- •Concept ID:
- C0427055
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Reduced strength of one or more muscles innervated by the facial nerve (the seventh cranial nerve).
Muscular atrophy- MedGen UID:
- 892680
- •Concept ID:
- C0541794
- •
- Pathologic Function
The presence of skeletal muscular atrophy (which is also known as amyotrophy).
Generalized hypotonia- MedGen UID:
- 346841
- •Concept ID:
- C1858120
- •
- Finding
Generalized muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone).
Ragged-red muscle fibers- MedGen UID:
- 477048
- •Concept ID:
- C3275417
- •
- Finding
An abnormal appearance of muscle fibers observed on muscle biopsy. Ragged red fibers can be visualized with Gomori trichrome staining as irregular and intensely red subsarcolemmal zones, whereas the normal myofibrils are green. The margins of affect fibers appear red and ragged. The ragged-red is due to the accumulation of abnormal mitochondria below the plasma membrane of the muscle fiber, leading to the appearance of a red rim and speckled sarcoplasm.
Microcephaly- MedGen UID:
- 1644158
- •Concept ID:
- C4551563
- •
- Finding
Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender.
Metabolic alkalosis- MedGen UID:
- 113134
- •Concept ID:
- C0220983
- •
- Pathologic Function
Metabolic alkalosis is defined as a disease state where the pH is elevated to greater than 7.45 secondary to some metabolic process.
Elevated circulating creatine kinase concentration- MedGen UID:
- 69128
- •Concept ID:
- C0241005
- •
- Finding
An elevation of the level of the enzyme creatine kinase (also known as creatine phosphokinase (CK; EC 2.7.3.2) in the blood. CK levels can be elevated in a number of clinical disorders such as myocardial infarction, rhabdomyolysis, and muscular dystrophy.
Increased circulating lactate concentration- MedGen UID:
- 332209
- •Concept ID:
- C1836440
- •
- Finding
Abnormally increased level of blood lactate (2-hydroxypropanoic acid). Lactate is produced from pyruvate by lactate dehydrogenase during normal metabolism. The terms lactate and lactic acid are often used interchangeably but lactate (the component measured in blood) is strictly a weak base whereas lactic acid is the corresponding acid. Lactic acidosis is often used clinically to describe elevated lactate but should be reserved for cases where there is a corresponding acidosis (pH below 7.35).
Ptosis- MedGen UID:
- 2287
- •Concept ID:
- C0005745
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
The upper eyelid margin is positioned 3 mm or more lower than usual and covers the superior portion of the iris (objective); or, the upper lid margin obscures at least part of the pupil (subjective).
Nystagmus- MedGen UID:
- 45166
- •Concept ID:
- C0028738
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Rhythmic, involuntary oscillations of one or both eyes related to abnormality in fixation, conjugate gaze, or vestibular mechanisms.
Optic atrophy- MedGen UID:
- 18180
- •Concept ID:
- C0029124
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Atrophy of the optic nerve. Optic atrophy results from the death of the retinal ganglion cell axons that comprise the optic nerve and manifesting as a pale optic nerve on fundoscopy.
Cerebral visual impairment- MedGen UID:
- 890568
- •Concept ID:
- C4048268
- •
- Pathologic Function
A form of loss of vision caused by damage to the visual cortex rather than a defect in the eye.
Decreased activity of mitochondrial complex I- MedGen UID:
- 393796
- •Concept ID:
- C2677650
- •
- Finding
A reduction in the activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, which is part of the electron transport chain in mitochondria.
Decreased activity of mitochondrial complex IV- MedGen UID:
- 866520
- •Concept ID:
- C4020800
- •
- Finding
A reduction in the activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV, which is part of the electron transport chain in mitochondria.
- Abnormal cellular phenotype
- Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis
- Abnormality of the digestive system
- Abnormality of the eye
- Abnormality of the genitourinary system
- Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system
- Abnormality of the nervous system
- Ear malformation