Dysarthric speech is a general description referring to a neurological speech disorder characterized by poor articulation. Depending on the involved neurological structures, dysarthria may be further classified as spastic, flaccid, ataxic, hyperkinetic and hypokinetic, or mixed.

Upturning of the big toe (and sometimes fanning of the other toes) in response to stimulation of the sole of the foot. If the Babinski sign is present it can indicate damage to the corticospinal tract.

Hyperreflexia is the presence of hyperactive stretch reflexes of the muscles.

A type of ataxia characterized by the impairment of the ability to perform rapidly alternating movements, such as pronating and supinating his or her hand on the dorsum of the other hand as rapidly as possible.

Rhythmic, involuntary oscillations of one or both eyes related to abnormality in fixation, conjugate gaze, or vestibular mechanisms.

Atrophy of the optic nerve. Optic atrophy results from the death of the retinal ganglion cell axons that comprise the optic nerve and manifesting as a pale optic nerve on fundoscopy.

Inherited congenital microcoria, also referred to as congenital miosis, is characterized by bilateral small pupils (diameter less than 2 mm) that result from an underdevelopment of the dilator pupillae muscle of the iris (Holth and Berner, 1923; Simpson and Parsons, 1989). Iris transillumination defects are a constant feature. The pupil dilates poorly or not at all in response to topically administered mydriatic drugs. The disorder is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait with complete penetrance and is associated with goniodysgenesis and glaucoma (Tawara and Inomata, 1983; Mazzeo et al., 1986; Toulemont et al., 1995).

Any deviation from the normal motor coordination of the eyes that allows for bilateral fixation on a single object.