STS-91

Occurred 27 years ago

STS-91 closed out the Shuttle-Mir Program, when it brought back to Earth U.S. Mir astronaut Andy Thomas, after he had spent 130 days on Mir. The transfer wrapped up a total of 907 days spent by seven U.S. astronauts aboard the Russian space station.

Orbiter

Discovery

Mission Duration

9 days, 19 hours, 54 minutes, 2 seconds

Launch

June 2, 1998

Landing

June 12, 1998

STS-91 crew portrait with the crewmembers pictured in their orange Advanced Crew Escape Suits. In front are Pilot Dominic C. Gorie (left) and Mission Commander Charles J. Precourt. Standing behind Gorie and Precourt are (l-r) mission specialists Wendy B. Lawrence, Franklin R. Chang-Diaz, Janet L. Kavandi, Valeriy V. Ryumin (RSA) and Andrew S. W. Thomas. Thomas, who was the last U.S. resident on Mir, returned to Earth with the STS-91 crew members.

NASA

Mission Facts

Mission: Ninth and Final Shuttle-Mir Docking
Space Shuttle: Discovery
Launch Pad: 39A
Launched: June 2, 1998, 6:06:24 p.m. EDT
Landing Site: Kennedy Space Center, Florida
Landing: June 12 1998, 2:00:18 p.m. EDT
Runway: 33
Rollout Distance: 11,730 feet
Rollout Time: 64 seconds
Revolution: 155
Mission Duration: 9 days, 19 hours, 54 minutes, 2 seconds
Orbit Inclination: 51.6 degrees
Miles Traveled: 3.8 million

Crew

Charles J. Precourt, Commander
Dominic C. Gorie, Pilot
Wendy B. Lawrence, Mission Specialist
Franklin R. Chang-Diaz, Mission Specialist
Janet L. Kavandi, Mission Specialist
Valeriy V. Ryumin, Mission Specialist
Andrew S. W. Thomas, Mission Specialist

Launch Highlights

The countdown proceeded smoothly except for a slight delay in operations to load the external tank with cryogenic propellant to evaluate a few technical issues. As planned, launch managers determined the exact orbital location of the Mir space station during the countdown’s T-9-minute built-in hold. The decision was then made to launch Discovery at 6:06 p.m. to achieve optimum shuttle system performance and to accommodate Shuttle-Mir rendezvous activities.

Mission Highlights

Docking of Discovery to Mir, the first for that orbiter, occurred at 12:58 p.m., June 4, at an altitude of 208 miles. Hatches opened at 2:34 p.m. the same day. At hatch opening, Andy Thomas officially became a member of Discovery’s crew, completing 130 days of living and working on Mir. The transfer wrapped up a total of 907 days spent by seven U.S. astronauts aboard the Russian space station as long-duration crew members. During the next four days, the Mir 25 and STS-91 crews transferred more than 1,100 pounds of water, and almost 4,700 pounds of cargo experiments and supplies were exchanged between the two spacecraft. During this time, long-term U.S. experiments aboard the Mir were moved into Discovery’s middeck locker area and the SPACEHAB single module in the orbiter’s payload bay, including the Space Acceleration Measurement System (SAMS) and the tissue engineering co-culture (COCULT) investigations, as well as two crystal growth experiments. The crews also conducted Risk Mitigation Experiments (RMEs) and Human Life Sciences (HLS) investigations. When the hatches closed for undocking at 9:07 a.m., June 8, and the spacecraft separated at 12:01 p.m. that day, the final Shuttle-Mir docking mission was concluded and Phase 1 of the International Space Station (ISS) program came to an end.

Astronauts Charles J. Precourt and Andrew S.W. Thomas are pictured together embracing after the hatch opening between the Space Shuttle Discovery and the Mir space station.

Astronauts Charles J. Precourt (left) and Andrew S.W. Thomas reunite moments after the hatch opening between the Space Shuttle Discovery and the Mir space station. Thomas, at the time of the picture, was a member of the Mir-25 crew. He later returned to Earth with Precourt and the rest of the STS-91 crew. (4 June 1998)

NASA

The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) flew for the first time on this mission. The AMS, designed to look for dark and missing matter in the universe, was powered up on Flight Day 1. Data originally planned to be sent to ground stations through Discovery’s KU-band communications system was recorded onboard because of a problem with the KU-band system that prevented it from sending high-rate communications, including television signals, to the ground. The system was able to receive uplink transmissions. On June 3 the crew was able to set up a bypass system that allowed AMS data to be downlinked via S-band/FM communications when the orbiter came within range of a ground station. Data that could not be recorded by ground stations was recorded onboard throughout the mission.

The KU-band system failure was determined to be located in a component that was not accessible to the crew. The failure prevented television transmission throughout the mission. Television broadcasts from Mir were prevented by a problem between a Russian ground station and the mission control center outside of Moscow, limiting communications to audio only on NASA television.

Other experiments conducted by the shuttle crew during the mission included a checkout of the orbiter’s robot arm to evaluate new electronics and software and the Orbiter Space Vision System for use during assembly missions for the ISS. Also onboard in the payload bay were eight Get Away-Special experiments, while combustion, crystal growth and radiation monitoring experiments were conducted in Discovery’s middeck crew cabin area.