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Search Results (2)

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Keywords = unbalanced two-way power transfer

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18 pages, 2622 KiB  
Article
Two-Way Power Flow Balancing in Three-Phase Three-Wire Networks by Unbalanced Capacitive Shunt Compensation
by Adrian Pană, Alexandru Băloi, Florin Molnar-Matei, Cristian Stănese, Andrei Jorza and David Stoica
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 3746; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14093746 - 27 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1467
Abstract
Developed to achieve the balancing of three-phase loads and improve their power factor, the BCC (Balancing Capacitive Compensator) is presented in this paper as having a broader capability, namely that of balancing the two-way power flow. BCCs are becoming useful in today’s distribution [...] Read more.
Developed to achieve the balancing of three-phase loads and improve their power factor, the BCC (Balancing Capacitive Compensator) is presented in this paper as having a broader capability, namely that of balancing the two-way power flow. BCCs are becoming useful in today’s distribution networks with a high content of DERs (Distributed Energy Resources), where unbalanced power transfers to the higher voltage network occur more and more frequently as a result of the excess power generated. The article contains a case study in which, by means of Matlab-Simulink 2021 modelling, such a network is studied by considering two regimes corresponding to the two-way power flow. The numerical analysis of phase components and sequence components confirms the validity of the mathematical model concerning the BCC and also for the case of changing the way of power flow in the section controlled by the compensator. This demonstrates the possibility of extending the load balancing function of the BCC to that of balancing the two-way power flow and is an additional argument in support of replacing, in the more or less near future, conventional shunt capacitive compensators with capacitive balancing compensators. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering)
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Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>BCC (BRC) for load balancing in a three-phase three-wire network.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>ABCC used for power flow balancing in a three-phase three-wire network.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>The area of the three-phase distribution network containing a PV Power Supply System.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>The simplified network consists of equivalent elements.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Regime 2—the voltage waveforms on the MV busbars of the substation, respectively, and the waveforms of the currents through the neighbouring sections.</p> Full article ">
13 pages, 3362 KiB  
Article
Active Charge Equalizer of Li-Ion Battery Cells Using Double Energy Carriers
by Sang-Won Lee, Yoon-Geol Choi and Bongkoo Kang
Energies 2019, 12(12), 2290; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12122290 - 15 Jun 2019
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4328
Abstract
In this work, a new active balancing circuit is proposed. This circuit consists of a cell-access network and an energy-transfer network. The cell-access network requires 2n + 6 switches, where n is the number of cells, and creates an energy-transfer path between [...] Read more.
In this work, a new active balancing circuit is proposed. This circuit consists of a cell-access network and an energy-transfer network. The cell-access network requires 2n + 6 switches, where n is the number of cells, and creates an energy-transfer path between unbalanced cells and the energy-transfer network. The energy-transfer network has double energy carriers and simultaneously implements cell-to-pack and pack-to-cell balancing operations without overlapping. As a result, a high power rate and fast balancing operation can be achieved by using two energy carriers in a single balancing circuit. The prototype of a proposed balancing circuit was built for six cells and then tested under various conditions; all cells in the state of charge (SOC) region of 70% to 80% were equalized after 93 min, and one charging/discharging period in the SOC region of 10% to 90% was increased by 8.58% compared to the non-balancing operation. These results show that the proposed circuit is a good way to balance charges among batteries in a battery pack. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Select papers from International Conference on Renewable Energy—ICREN 2019)
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Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>Cell voltage versus state of charge characteristic of the Li-ion battery. Legend: CVL, charging voltage limit; DVL, discharging voltage limit.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Circuit structure of the proposed active balancing circuit using double energy carriers.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Operation modes for pack-to-odd cell and even cell-to-pack operations.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Operation waveforms of proposed active balancing circuit for pack-to-odd cell and even cell-to-pack operations.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>(<b>a</b>) Equivalent circuit of the Li-ion battery cell and (<b>b</b>) OCV (state of charge (SOC)): OCV versus SOC characteristic of the experimental Li-ion cell.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>Balancing algorithm for the proposed balancing circuit.</p> Full article ">Figure 7
<p>Prototype of the proposed balancing circuit for equalization of six cells.</p> Full article ">Figure 8
<p>Operational waveforms of the proposed balancing circuit.</p> Full article ">Figure 9
<p>Voltage versus balancing time for the proposed charge equalization; six cells were connected in a static condition.</p> Full article ">Figure 10
<p>Voltage versus charging time for the battery pack: (<b>a</b>) pack-to-cell balancing in charging operation and (<b>b</b>) cell-to-pack balancing in charging operation.</p> Full article ">Figure 11
<p>Voltage versus discharging time for the battery pack: (<b>a</b>) cell-to-pack balancing in discharging operation and (<b>b</b>) pack-to-cell balancing in discharging operation.</p> Full article ">Figure 12
<p>Voltage versus time under the one cyclic discharging/charging period: (<b>a</b>) without charge equalization, (<b>b</b>) with charge equalization.</p> Full article ">
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