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Search Results (2)

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Keywords = submersible mixer

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20 pages, 24107 KiB  
Article
Research on the Characteristics of the Solid–Liquid Two-Phase Flow Field of a Submersible Mixer Based on CFD-DEM
by Fei Tian, Erfeng Zhang, Chen Yang, Weidong Shi and Yonghua Chen
Energies 2022, 15(16), 6096; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15166096 - 22 Aug 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1944
Abstract
Submersible mixers are widely used in the sewage treatment process in various fields, such as agriculture and industry. They are mainly responsible for pushing flow and mixing activated sludge particles in a pool. Based on the CFD-DEM coupling method under the Euler–Lagrange framework, [...] Read more.
Submersible mixers are widely used in the sewage treatment process in various fields, such as agriculture and industry. They are mainly responsible for pushing flow and mixing activated sludge particles in a pool. Based on the CFD-DEM coupling method under the Euler–Lagrange framework, the solid–liquid two-phase flow of a submersible mixer was simulated in this paper, and the motion characteristics and distribution laws of particles in the pool were studied in axial, horizontal, and lateral directions, respectively. An evaluation method of distribution uniformity was proposed to analyze the velocity distribution of the flow field, the velocity distribution of particles, and the mixing uniformity of particles. The results show that the movement process of activated sludge particles in the pool can be roughly divided into three stages: the horizontal development stage, absorption–injection stage, and reflux-mixing stage, in which the reflux-mixing stage is the main stage for the uniform distribution of particles in the whole flow field. Particle accumulation occurs mainly in the dead zones of the flow field. Distribution of particles in the axial direction has the most homogeneous extent. Vortices can be generated near pool walls, causing accumulation of particles. This method can be a good guide for engineering practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modelling and Computations of Fluid Mechanics for Energy System)
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Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>Arrangement of submersible mixer.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Meshing of impeller and pool.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>The velocity and turbulent kinetic energy bubble plots of four axial planes along Z-axis direction: (<b>a</b>) Y = 0 plane; (<b>b</b>) Y = −0.3 plane; (<b>c</b>) Y = −1 plane; (<b>d</b>) Y = −1.3 plane.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Velocity streamline diagram of full flow field.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Velocity contour of multiple axial sections.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>The distribution of the dead zone.</p> Full article ">Figure 7
<p>The velocity contour and vector diagram of Y = 0 plane.</p> Full article ">Figure 8
<p>Particle trajectory diagram.</p> Full article ">Figure 9
<p>Horizontal development stage.</p> Full article ">Figure 10
<p>Absorption-injection stage.</p> Full article ">Figure 11
<p>Reflux-mixing stage.</p> Full article ">Figure 12
<p>Distribution area of low velocity particles.</p> Full article ">Figure 13
<p>Regions of the flow field divided along the axial direction.</p> Full article ">Figure 14
<p>Location and velocity distribution of particles in a1~a10.</p> Full article ">Figure 15
<p>Thermal map of particles distribution in a10.</p> Full article ">Figure 16
<p>Number of particles in a1~a10.</p> Full article ">Figure 17
<p>Regions of flow field divided along horizontal direction.</p> Full article ">Figure 18
<p>Number of particles in b1~b10.</p> Full article ">Figure 19
<p>Location and velocity distribution of particles in b1~b10.</p> Full article ">Figure 20
<p>Location and velocity distribution of particles in the region of 5 mm from the bottom of pool.</p> Full article ">Figure 21
<p>Thermal map of particles distribution in the region of 5 mm from the bottom of pool.</p> Full article ">Figure 22
<p>Regions of flow field divided along the lateral direction.</p> Full article ">Figure 23
<p>Location and velocity distribution of particles in c1~c5.</p> Full article ">Figure 24
<p>Number of particles in c1~c10.</p> Full article ">Figure 25
<p>Location and velocity distribution of particles in c1 and c10.</p> Full article ">Figure 26
<p>Location and angular velocity distribution of particles in c1.</p> Full article ">Figure 27
<p>Collision of particles: (<b>a</b>) Particle–particle collisions; (<b>b</b>) Particle–wall collisions.</p> Full article ">Figure 28
<p>Location and collision of particles in b10: (<b>a</b>) Location of particles; (<b>b</b>) Collision of particles.</p> Full article ">Figure 29
<p>Location and collision of particles in c1: (<b>a</b>) Location of particles; (<b>b</b>) Collision of particles.</p> Full article ">
748 KiB  
Article
How Efficient are Agitators in Biogas Digesters? Determination of the Efficiency of Submersible Motor Mixers and Incline Agitators by Measuring Nutrient Distribution in Full-Scale Agricultural Biogas Digesters
by Andreas Lemmer, Hans-Joachim Naegele and Jana Sondermann
Energies 2013, 6(12), 6255-6273; https://doi.org/10.3390/en6126255 - 2 Dec 2013
Cited by 73 | Viewed by 12563
Abstract
The goal of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of two different agitation systems by measuring the nutrient distribution in a digester fed with renewable energy crops and animal manure. The study was carried out at the practical research biogas plant of [...] Read more.
The goal of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of two different agitation systems by measuring the nutrient distribution in a digester fed with renewable energy crops and animal manure. The study was carried out at the practical research biogas plant of Hohenheim University. A unique probe sampling system has been developed that allows probe sampling from the top of the concrete roof into different parts and heights of the digester. The samples were then analyzed in the laboratory for natural fatty acids concentrations. Three different agitation setups were chosen for evaluation at continuous stirring and feeding procedures. The results showed that the analysis approach for agitator optimization through direct measurement of the nutrients distribution in the digester is promising. The type of the agitators and the agitation regime showed significant differences on local concentrations of organic acids, which are not correlated to the dry matter content. Simultaneous measurements on electric energy consumption of the different agitator types verify that by using the slow-moving incline agitator with large propeller diameters in favor of the fast-moving submersible mixer with smaller propeller diameters, the savings potential rises up to 70% by maintaining the mixing quality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable Energy for Agriculture)
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Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>Rotation speed of agitators in relation to the impeller diameter and its respective power requirements of agitation units available on the market (<span class="html-italic">n</span> = 46) (source: own survey in 2013).</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Flow scheme of the investigated research biogas plant (BGP).</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Plan view on digester one with probe: (<b>a</b>) sampling points and (<b>b</b>) sampling heights; (<b>c</b>) Represents the probe sampling system on the digester, enlarged and provided with additional technical information.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Feed supply and proportioning during the three days lasting trial periods.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Schematic drawing of the results of comparison of the significance test of acetic acid (values in g/kg).</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>Electric energy consumption of the agitators according to the agitator setup for all sample days.</p> Full article ">
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