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19 pages, 617 KiB  
Article
Entrepreneurial Intentions Among Immigrant-Origin and Native Youth: Exploring the Roles of a Sense of Belonging, Acculturation Attitudes, and Self-Esteem
by Rekar Abdulhamed, Kirsti Lonka and Mette Ranta
Educ. Sci. 2025, 15(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15010008 (registering DOI) - 24 Dec 2024
Abstract
Entrepreneurship education is crucial in fostering and supporting entrepreneurial intentions among young people. However, many factors, such as immigrant background, are associated with whether youth aspire to an entrepreneurial career. The aim of this study was to examine whether immigrant-origin youth in Finland [...] Read more.
Entrepreneurship education is crucial in fostering and supporting entrepreneurial intentions among young people. However, many factors, such as immigrant background, are associated with whether youth aspire to an entrepreneurial career. The aim of this study was to examine whether immigrant-origin youth in Finland were more likely than natives to aspire to an entrepreneurial career, and to what extent their sense of belonging, acculturation attitudes, and self-esteem explained these aspirations (N = 2838, Mage = 15.6). Regression (OLS and L2-regularized) and moderation analyses stratified by immigrant status and gender revealed that the immigrant-origin youth were more likely to aspire to an entrepreneurial career than their native counterparts, even after adjusting for gender. Among the male immigrant-origin youth, self-esteem, a sense of belonging, and acculturation attitudes explained 25% of the variation in their entrepreneurial intentions. However, the associations of these factors with entrepreneurial intentions among the native youth were weaker, and they were not related to entrepreneurial intentions among the female immigrant-origin youth at all. Acculturation attitudes were associated with EIs among the native females, but not the males. Full article
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<p>Predicted entrepreneurial intentions among immigrant-origin male youth by sense of belonging to parents’ ethnic or cultural community moderated by acculturation attitudes (see <a href="#education-15-00008-t007" class="html-table">Table 7</a>, Model 3).</p>
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17 pages, 267 KiB  
Article
Race, Labour, Law, and Capitalism: The Case of US Naturalization and Immigration Law from 1790 to 1965
by Anita C. Butera
Genealogy 2024, 8(4), 150; https://doi.org/10.3390/genealogy8040150 - 23 Dec 2024
Abstract
The relationship between race and labour has been analyzed from different theoretical perspectives. Some have focused on the connection between race and the extraction of surplus from people of colour, Black people in particular Others have integrated race within the context of capitalism [...] Read more.
The relationship between race and labour has been analyzed from different theoretical perspectives. Some have focused on the connection between race and the extraction of surplus from people of colour, Black people in particular Others have integrated race within the context of capitalism as a world system or have focused on race as a category of exploitation that defines both feudalism and capitalism that is essential for the survival of capitalism. This paper argues that, to understand the relation between race and labour, race must be understood as legal status. Race is a set of legal rights given to or withheld from workers because of loosely defined and arbitrarily selected physical characteristics. By assigning different rights to workers based on race, their labour is racialized, and race becomes an important element to the functioning of capitalism because it defines the value of labour. As legal status, race is defined and enforced by the state. In addition, this paper analyses the development of US naturalization and immigration law from 1790 to 1964, selected as an example of the process of racialization of labour. Specifically, it discusses the process of racialization of labour by connecting it to the concept of Westphalian sovereignty and the differentiation between natural and political rights. It concludes that, between 1790 and 1965, race supported the development and stability of US capitalism through the development of three distinct highly racialized labour markets: the Northeast, mostly defined by the racialization of European workers along a scale of whiteness; the West, determined by the racialization of Asian and, later, Latino workers; and the South, characterized by the racialization of African Americans and selected southern European workers, Italians in particular, and, later, Latino workers. These three markets operated in symbiosis with each other and featured different forms of racialization of labour, as defined by different forms of enforcement of race as legal status, ranging from the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 on the West Coast to the Jim Crow System that emerged in the southern states after the Compromise of 1877 and the Immigration Act of 1924 that dramatically limited immigration from southern and Eastern Europe. Full article
20 pages, 776 KiB  
Article
Emotional Health of Immigrant Adolescents by a Cross-Lagged Panel Network Analysis: Self-Esteem and Depression
by Tiange Sui and Jerf W. K. Yeung
Healthcare 2024, 12(24), 2563; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12242563 - 19 Dec 2024
Viewed by 405
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The study investigated the dynamic interrelations of both positive and negative self-esteem with depression among immigrant adolescents. Methods: Longitudinal data from the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study (CILS) were analyzed using a Cross-Lagged Panel Network (CLPN) model. Results: The [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The study investigated the dynamic interrelations of both positive and negative self-esteem with depression among immigrant adolescents. Methods: Longitudinal data from the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study (CILS) were analyzed using a Cross-Lagged Panel Network (CLPN) model. Results: The results showed strong autoregressive effects; both the positive and negative dimensions of self-esteem and symptoms of depression were fairly stable across the two measurement times. Cross-lagged effects indicated that higher levels of positive self-esteem predicted reduced depressive symptoms; for example, higher self-worth at Time 1 was associated with a lower lack of motivation at Time 2. However, some components, for instance, positive self-attitude, predicted in greater sadness from Time 1 to Time 2. On the other hand, certain dimensions of negative self-esteem, such as feeling useless at Time 1, were related to decreases in depressive symptoms at Time 2, which points to complex and bidirectional effects that challenge traditional hypotheses on how self-esteem may affect mental health. Conclusions: The current study teases apart sub-components of self-esteem and, in doing so, demonstrates how different facets uniquely predict depression over time and inform nuanced mental health trajectories among immigrant youth. The findings indicate that selective self-esteem interventions should be carried out to enhance resilience and mental well-being in adolescents from diverse backgrounds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Family Influences on Child and Adolescent Health)
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<p>Cross-lagged effect network. Notes. This figure illustrates the significant cross-lagged effects present between variables across two time periods and demonstrates both positive and negative unidirectional effects.</p>
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<p>Cross-lagged influence matrix. Note: This Cross-Lagged Influence Matrix demonstrates the predictive relationships between variables across Time 1 and Time 2. Darker cells indicate stronger positive relationships, highlighting the continuity of depressive symptoms and self-esteem indicators over time, as well as their mutual influence.</p>
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26 pages, 2868 KiB  
Article
Group Polarization and Echo Chambers in #GaijinTwitter Community
by Seval Yurtcicek Ozaydin, Vasily Lubashevskiy and Fatih Ozaydin
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(12), 692; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13120692 - 19 Dec 2024
Viewed by 295
Abstract
This study explores the phenomena of group polarization and echo chambers within the context of online discussions among immigrants in Japan, also known as gaijins, specifically within the #GaijinTwitter community. By analyzing the key topics discussed by divergent groups of Twitter users [...] Read more.
This study explores the phenomena of group polarization and echo chambers within the context of online discussions among immigrants in Japan, also known as gaijins, specifically within the #GaijinTwitter community. By analyzing the key topics discussed by divergent groups of Twitter users and examining their interactions through qualitative and quantitative approaches, we provide evidence of group polarization. Additionally, we investigate how blocking and sharing screenshots of tweets instead of reacting to them in the standard ways contribute to the formation and perpetuation of online echo chambers. Full article
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<p>Screenshot of tweet <span class="html-italic">TW19</span> of the user <span class="html-italic">B1</span> on the <span class="html-italic">T1</span> topic.</p>
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<p>Screenshot of the tweet of <span class="html-italic">Unseen Japan</span> media account on the <span class="html-italic">T2</span> topic. The text in Japanese reads Miss Japan Association: “The Gramd Prix will be vacant”. Carolina’s request to resign was “accepted”—a first in history for both the title and the vacancy.</p>
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<p>Screenshot of the tweet <span class="html-italic">TW34</span> on the <span class="html-italic">T4</span> topic, which can be translated into English as follows: <span class="html-italic">Yesterday, when a grandpa asked me, “Where are you from?”, I answered, “Fukuoka.” And the grandpa said, “No, what country were you originally from?” Well, of course no harm was meant, but it made me think that in Japan that is becoming increasingly global, we need to be careful about making these kinds of statements</span>.</p>
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<p>Users <span class="html-italic">A1</span>, <span class="html-italic">A2</span>, <span class="html-italic">A3</span>, <span class="html-italic">A4</span>, and <span class="html-italic">A6</span> in <span class="html-italic">Group A</span> were shown in a meme in a tweet of <span class="html-italic">A4</span> to be tweeting against the users in <span class="html-italic">Group B</span>.</p>
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<p>Interaction map from <span class="html-italic">Group A</span> and <span class="html-italic">Group B</span> to the set of selected tweets from <span class="html-italic">Group A</span> or <span class="html-italic">Group B</span>. Some lines are displayed as solid, dashed, or dotted-dashed only for the sake of clarity and do not have an additional meaning.</p>
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<p>Percentages of interactions from <span class="html-italic">Group A</span> and <span class="html-italic">Group B</span> towards tweets from <span class="html-italic">Group A</span> or <span class="html-italic">Group B</span>.</p>
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<p>The screenshot of a tweet of user <span class="html-italic">B5</span> showing the mass blocking of other Twitter users.</p>
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<p>Screenshot of a tweet of user <span class="html-italic">A1</span> claiming to be blocked by 90% of the users in the <span class="html-italic">#GaijinTwitter</span> community.</p>
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<p>Screenshot of a tweet of user <span class="html-italic">A1</span> showing that they are blocked by the <span class="html-italic">Unseen Japan</span> media account.</p>
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<p>Screenshot of the tweet of user <span class="html-italic">A2</span> on being blocked by user <span class="html-italic">B2</span>. In the picture, “23 (Chinese character)” means 23 hours in English.</p>
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<p>Screenshot of the tweet of user <span class="html-italic">A1</span> showing that they are blocked by user <span class="html-italic">B3</span>.</p>
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<p>An example tweet showing that instead of reacting to the tweet of user <span class="html-italic">B3</span> in a standard way, user <span class="html-italic">A3</span> chose the capture the screenshot of that tweet and posted it in a new tweet.</p>
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<p>Entity relationship diagram of the database.</p>
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23 pages, 284 KiB  
Article
The Biracial Asian-American Advantage at School Entry
by Benjamin G. Gibbs, Jonathan A. Jarvis, Lance D. Erickson, Lear Burton, Can Cheng and Carol Ward
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(12), 680; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13120680 - 16 Dec 2024
Viewed by 337
Abstract
Asian-American students have some of the highest scores for standardized tests in American schools—a pattern that is commonly attributed to immigrant selectivity. We extend this line of inquiry by examining mixed-race couples and their children. Using both the ECLS-K cohorts of 1998 and [...] Read more.
Asian-American students have some of the highest scores for standardized tests in American schools—a pattern that is commonly attributed to immigrant selectivity. We extend this line of inquiry by examining mixed-race couples and their children. Using both the ECLS-K cohorts of 1998 and 2010, we document the persistence of the Asian-American educational advantage over time by comparing the math and reading scores of white students (1998 n = 6700; 2010 n = 4500) with Asian-American (1998 n = 500; 2010 n = 600) and biracial Asian/white (1998 n = 150; 2010 n = 150) students at the start of elementary school. Surprisingly, in bivariate models, biracial Asian/white students have some of the highest math and reading scores. Socioeconomic factors are an important part of this advantage. When we examine parenting practices, we find that parenting works in opposite directions for biracial and monoracial Asian couples—decreasing the size of the biracial Asian/white educational advantage but increasing the size of the Asian-American advantage compared with their white kindergartener peers at school entry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Childhood and Youth Studies)
11 pages, 217 KiB  
Article
Korean American Immigrant Women’s Mammography Use in Korea: Factors Associated with Medical Tourism
by Mi Hwa Lee, Joseph Merighi, Leslie Cofie and Bryan Rogers
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(12), 676; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13120676 - 16 Dec 2024
Viewed by 476
Abstract
This study examined social determinants associated with Korean American immigrant women’s mammography use in Korea after immigration to the United States. Data from a cross-sectional survey were obtained from 187 women in Los Angeles County, California. More than one-quarter (28.3%) of the respondents [...] Read more.
This study examined social determinants associated with Korean American immigrant women’s mammography use in Korea after immigration to the United States. Data from a cross-sectional survey were obtained from 187 women in Los Angeles County, California. More than one-quarter (28.3%) of the respondents reported returning to Korea for a mammogram after immigrating to the United States. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that compared to those who had their first mammogram in Korea, Korean American immigrant women who had their first mammogram in the United States were less likely to return to Korea for subsequent screenings (AOR = 0.02, 95% CI: <0.001, 0.05); also, those who had employer-based health insurance in the United States were less likely to get a mammogram in Korea after immigration (AOR = 0.01, 95% CI: <0.01, 0.18). Findings suggest that women familiar with the Korean healthcare system and who are uninsured or have inconsistent healthcare coverage in the United States may seek care in Korea. To promote adherence to breast cancer screening guidelines among Korean American immigrant women residing in the United States, greater access to free or low-cost screening services and breast cancer screening education is warranted to reduce the risk of later stage breast cancer detection resulting from medical tourism. Full article
15 pages, 329 KiB  
Article
Exploring Beliefs, Concerns, Prenatal Care Advice, and Sources of Information About Gestational Weight Gain Among Immigrant Central American Pregnant Women in the United States
by Virginia A. Moreno, Doris Lucero, Nachalie Rodriguez-Cruz, Qun Le, Mary L. Greaney and Ana Cristina Lindsay
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(12), 1672; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21121672 - 14 Dec 2024
Viewed by 450
Abstract
Gestational weight gain (GWG) is critical for maternal and neonatal health, but excessive GWG can lead to complications such as gestational diabetes, hypertension, and increased obesity risk later in life. Minoritized and immigrant women often face higher risks of excessive GWG. This cross-sectional [...] Read more.
Gestational weight gain (GWG) is critical for maternal and neonatal health, but excessive GWG can lead to complications such as gestational diabetes, hypertension, and increased obesity risk later in life. Minoritized and immigrant women often face higher risks of excessive GWG. This cross-sectional study assessed Central American women’s beliefs and concerns about GWG, the receipt of advice from healthcare providers, and sources of information for healthy weight management during pregnancy. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 93 pregnant women from El Salvador (31.2%), Guatemala (46.2%), and Honduras (22.6%). Most participants were married (91.4%), and 91.2% had household incomes below $40,000. Self-reported pre-pregnancy weight status varied significantly (p = 0.03), with more Guatemalans self-reporting as overweight (34.9%) compared to Salvadorans (10.3%) and Hondurans (19.1%). Beliefs about GWG varied significantly; 72.1% of Guatemalan women accepted “eating for two”, while only 31.0% of Salvadorans did (p = 0.002). More Honduran women (90.5%) received weight gain recommendations from healthcare providers than Salvadorans (62.1%) and Guatemalans (60.5%) (p = 0.04). The Internet and family were common information sources on weight management, highlighting the need for culturally tailored health education. This study underscores critical differences in beliefs and access to prenatal care among pregnant Central American immigrant women, emphasizing the importance of culturally competent health education to support healthy pregnancy outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sexual, Reproductive and Maternal Health)
19 pages, 278 KiB  
Article
Unveiling Lived Realities: Narratives of South Asian Indian Women in Academia
by Gita Seshadri, Shruti Singh Poulsen and Rajeswari Natarajan-Tyagi
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(12), 667; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13120667 - 11 Dec 2024
Viewed by 521
Abstract
This paper will focus on illustrating through qualitative personal narratives the lived realities of three South Asian Indian women in academia across the continuum of their experiences personally, professionally, and as academics within the field of Marriage and Family Therapy (MFT). The authors [...] Read more.
This paper will focus on illustrating through qualitative personal narratives the lived realities of three South Asian Indian women in academia across the continuum of their experiences personally, professionally, and as academics within the field of Marriage and Family Therapy (MFT). The authors will speak to their South Asian identity, their acculturation experiences as Asian Indian women in the US professional and academic context, their different generational experiences in immigration journeys, their different academic and clinical journeys, and other contextual variables such as age, solidarity with other South Asian women in academia, peer mentorship experiences, and finding their own voices and empowerment through connections with other women with similar experiences. In addition to the lack of formal academic mentorship, the authors will describe how they as South Asian Indian women have grappled with the challenges of systemic gender and racial biases that undermined their development as academics and hindered their progress toward gender and racial equality in academic and clinical settings. The authors will situate their personal narratives within the frameworks of feminist solidarity and social justice through describing their mentorship experiences, as mentors and mentees, and how they still were able to establish their professional identities as professional, academic, South Asian women of color. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feminist Solidarity, Resistance, and Social Justice)
21 pages, 2465 KiB  
Article
Migration and Segregated Spaces: Analysis of Qualitative Sources Such as Wikipedia Using Artificial Intelligence
by Javier López-Otero, Ángel Obregón-Sierra and Antonio Gavira-Narváez
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(12), 664; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13120664 - 11 Dec 2024
Viewed by 863
Abstract
The scientific literature on residential segregation in large metropolitan areas highlights various explanatory factors, including economic, social, political, landscape, and cultural elements related to both migrant and local populations. This paper contrasts the impact of these factors individually, such as the immigrant rate [...] Read more.
The scientific literature on residential segregation in large metropolitan areas highlights various explanatory factors, including economic, social, political, landscape, and cultural elements related to both migrant and local populations. This paper contrasts the impact of these factors individually, such as the immigrant rate and neighborhood segregation. To achieve this, a machine learning analysis was conducted on a sample of neighborhoods in the main Spanish metropolitan areas (Madrid and Barcelona), using a database created from a combination of official statistical sources and textual sources, such as Wikipedia. These texts were transformed into indexes using Natural Language Processing (NLP) and other artificial intelligence algorithms capable of interpreting images and converting them into indexes. The results indicate that the factors influencing immigrant concentration and segregation differ significantly, with crucial roles played by the urban landscape, population size, and geographic origin. While land prices showed a relationship with immigrant concentration, their effect on segregation was mediated by factors such as overcrowding, social support networks, and landscape degradation. The novel application of AI and big data, particularly through ChatGPT and Google Street View, has enhanced model predictability, contributing to the scientific literature on segregated spaces. Full article
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<p>Concentration of immigrants in Madrid. Source: author.</p>
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<p>Concentration of immigrants in Barcelona. Source: author.</p>
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<p>Table of correlations between the variables of the model. Source: author.</p>
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<p>SHAP values for the dependent variable “Factor Analysis Variable (Factor 3)”. Source: author.</p>
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<p>SHAP values for the dependent variable Foreigners Proportion. Source: author.</p>
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<p>SHAP values for Index for Spatial Segregation. Source: author.</p>
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18 pages, 10241 KiB  
Article
Furniture Development Framework for Cultural Conservation: A Case Study of Peranakan Chinese in Singapore
by Wenhong Huang, Ahmad Rizal Abdul Rahman, Sarjit S. Gill and Raja Ahmad Azmeer Raja Ahmad Effendi
Sustainability 2024, 16(24), 10818; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162410818 - 10 Dec 2024
Viewed by 460
Abstract
The Peranakan Chinese, formed through intermarriage between Chinese immigrants and Southeast Asian indigenous people, represent a unique example of cultural amalgamation. As modern society evolves, the conservation of their culture faces significant challenges, particularly in balancing heritage preservation with contemporary relevance. Addressing how [...] Read more.
The Peranakan Chinese, formed through intermarriage between Chinese immigrants and Southeast Asian indigenous people, represent a unique example of cultural amalgamation. As modern society evolves, the conservation of their culture faces significant challenges, particularly in balancing heritage preservation with contemporary relevance. Addressing how Peranakan cultural products can meet the functional and emotional needs of modern audiences while achieving sustainable cultural development is a question worthy of in-depth exploration. This study uses the “SR” furniture series from Singapore’s “I” brand as a case study to examine how cultural products can integrate Peranakan heritage into modern life while promoting cultural conservation. Guided by affordance theory and thematic analysis, this research identifies four key strategies: (1) Cultural Integration and Expression; (2) Modern Innovation in Furniture Design; (3) Promotion and Sustainability; and (4) Social Engagement and Education. Based on these strategies, this study proposes a framework for cultural conservation in furniture development. This framework offers actionable strategies for designers, businesses, and policymakers to create products that meet both functional and emotional needs while fostering cultural conservation and adaptation in a globalized context. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Social Ecology and Sustainability)
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<p>The “SR” series is inspired by the bedspread from the collection of the Peranakan Museum in Singapore.</p>
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<p>The development process of the “SR” furniture series as in the case of this study.</p>
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<p>In 2018, this case won the “Made with Passion” brand award and other design awards issued by the Singapore government.</p>
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<p>The deductive and inductive process of the themes–categories–codes in this study’s data analysis.</p>
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<p>The “Tree of Life” is based on the patterns in cultural relics and redesigned with multicultural elements: (<b>a</b>) designer’s sketch, (<b>b</b>) final pattern.</p>
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<p>The color scheme is inspired by a Nyonya’s childhood spoon, a color that evokes nostalgia for a generation.</p>
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<p>The makeup mirror is implanted with temperature sensors according to the needs of modern life.</p>
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<p>Project members introduce the furniture to young people to promote culture.</p>
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<p>A conceptual framework for furniture development with cultural conservation as the goal.</p>
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14 pages, 612 KiB  
Review
Sensory Health and Universal Health Coverage in Canada—An Environmental Scan
by Hanna Asheber, Renu Minhas, Ved Hatolkar, Atul Jaiswal and Walter Wittich
Healthcare 2024, 12(23), 2475; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12232475 - 6 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1056
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The World Federation of the Deafblind Global Report 2023 reports that many countries do not have a comprehensive identification, assessment, and referral system for persons with deafblindness, a combination of hearing and vision loss, across all age groups and geographic regions. [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The World Federation of the Deafblind Global Report 2023 reports that many countries do not have a comprehensive identification, assessment, and referral system for persons with deafblindness, a combination of hearing and vision loss, across all age groups and geographic regions. The scan seeks to inform researchers, policymakers, and community-based organizations about the status of and gaps in sensory healthcare initiatives in Canada, with the intent to raise awareness to enhance the integration and coordination of eye and ear care services. Methods: We conducted an environmental scan of Canada’s healthcare system and current public health policies addressing vision and hearing care in Canada at the federal and provincial levels. The scan was conducted using published literature searches from five scientific databases—Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, PubMed, and CINAHL—in combination with the gray literature review of federal, provincial, and territorial governments and non-profit organizations’ websites from April 2011–October 2022. Out of 1257 articles screened, 86 studies were included that met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. In total, 13 reports were included in the gray literature search, with 99 total articles used in the analysis. Results: The thematic findings indicate stigma and discrimination toward individuals with disabilities and marginalized communities (Indigenous people, rural communities, recent immigrants, people of older age, and people with disabilities), including hearing, vision, or dual sensory loss, persist. Barriers to vision and hearing healthcare access include inadequate policies, underinvestment in vision and/or hearing services, limited collaboration and coordinated services between hearing and vision services, discrepancies in insurance coverages, and lack of health system support. Conclusions: This scan demonstrates the persisting barriers to vision and/or hearing services present in Canada, stemming from inadequate policy and limited service coordination. Future work to address gaps, evaluate public education, and develop integrated sensory healthcare initiatives to enhance coordinated eye and ear care services, as recommended in the WHO Report on Hearing and Vision, is imperative. Full article
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<p>PRISMA 2020 flow diagram for updated systematic reviews which included searches of databases, registers, and other sources.</p>
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18 pages, 3240 KiB  
Article
Biology and Ecology of the European Eel as Revealed by an Original Sampling Technique Performed in a Deep and Large Riverine Ecosystem
by Billy Nzau Matondo, Michaël Ovidio, Marc Lerquet, Dylan Colson and Damien Sonny
Sustainability 2024, 16(23), 10607; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310607 - 3 Dec 2024
Viewed by 457
Abstract
Few studies have documented the biology, demography, and ecology of eels in deep and large riverine ecosystems, which nevertheless contain important growing areas for this endangered species. Using an original eel sampling technique, this 6-year study, started in 2018, aims to characterise the [...] Read more.
Few studies have documented the biology, demography, and ecology of eels in deep and large riverine ecosystems, which nevertheless contain important growing areas for this endangered species. Using an original eel sampling technique, this 6-year study, started in 2018, aims to characterise the bioecology and demography parameters of eels in a deep and wide riverine ecosystem, the Meuse in Belgium. It was performed over a 125.8 km stretch and included four sampling sites. This technique, never previously used in the Meuse, trapped the eels in fyke nets when they swam back upstream, swimming against the current, after an avoidance reaction generated by the screens of hydropower facilities. Results revealed a high performance in catching eels as well as their sympatric biodiversity. The inter-site growth of eels was good. Yellow eels were mostly caught in the spring and summer under the influence of rising water temperatures, and silver eels were caught during autumn in October–December when flow and turbidity were high. A down-to-upstream decreasing demographic gradient was observed, but this pattern was not found for entry rate, catchability, survival, and immigration and emigration nets. Survival was low, and net emigration was high at a site experiencing noise pollution and hydraulic disturbance due to the work of expanding the ship lock to facilitate the passage of large boats. Effective strategies for the local eel stock and habitat management have been provided for deep and large riverine ecosystems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Resources and Sustainable Utilization)
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<p>The studied sites (A, B, C and D) in the Meuse (<b>a</b>), fyke net lines (L1 and L2) before powerhouse (<b>b</b>), fyke net line (<b>c</b>), fyke net (<b>d</b>), line monitoring by boat with eels trapped (<b>e</b>), and eel caught (<b>f</b>). (<b>a</b>,<b>c</b>–<b>f</b>), source: this study. (<b>b</b>), source: Google Maps.</p>
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<p>The monthly average of daily mean temperature and flow experienced by eels from 2018 to 2023. All sites pooled.</p>
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<p>TL distribution (<b>a</b>) and silver-to-yellow eel ratio (<b>b</b>) according to sampling sites. Sites with common lowercase letters in the TL boxplot did not differ statistically (KW and Dunn tests, <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05).</p>
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<p>TL–frequency distribution (<b>a</b>) and mean TL evolution over time (<b>b</b>).</p>
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<p>TL per site and silvering index (<b>a</b>) and monthly mean TL and silver-to-yellow eel ratio (<b>b</b>). SI was the smallest, S? unassessed sex, M male and F female eels. Yellow eels are SI, FII and FIII stages, and silver eels (MII, FIV and FV stages).</p>
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<p>Monthly repartition of eels caught: sites pooled (<b>a</b>) and by site (<b>b</b>). A–D are sampling sites.</p>
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<p>Comparison of demographic parameters between sites using FE (<b>a</b>–<b>c</b>), χ<sup>2</sup> (<b>d</b>,<b>e</b>), and KW and Dunn (<b>f</b>) tests, <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05). For each parameter, sites with common lowercase letters did not differ significantly.</p>
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15 pages, 285 KiB  
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Psychological and Educational Challenges of Immigrant Adolescents in Italy: Exploring Mental Health, Life Satisfaction, Student–Teacher Relationship, and Academic Disparities
by Valeria Cavioni, Elisabetta Conte and Veronica Ornaghi
Adolescents 2024, 4(4), 545-559; https://doi.org/10.3390/adolescents4040038 - 3 Dec 2024
Viewed by 495
Abstract
Adolescence is a critical stage marked by identity formation and social challenges, especially for adolescents with migratory backgrounds who must reconcile their ethnic identities with the dominant culture. This study explores the mental health, life satisfaction, student–teacher relationship, and academic achievement of Italian-born, [...] Read more.
Adolescence is a critical stage marked by identity formation and social challenges, especially for adolescents with migratory backgrounds who must reconcile their ethnic identities with the dominant culture. This study explores the mental health, life satisfaction, student–teacher relationship, and academic achievement of Italian-born, second-generation, and first-generation immigrants. The sample of 680 adolescents (M = 382; F = 280; Prefer not to say = 18; Mean age = 16.77 years) includes native-born Italians (n = 244), second-generation immigrants (n = 210), and first-generation immigrants (n = 226). Data were collected using self-report measures for mental health, life satisfaction, student–teacher relationship, and school achievement. A Multivariate Analysis of Variance identified significant group differences, followed by post-hoc tests to further explore differences between the groups. Second-generation immigrants reported significantly lower emotional well-being compared to their Italian-born peers. Both first- and second-generation immigrants exhibited lower life satisfaction, particularly in peer relationships. In terms of student–teacher relationship, second-generation immigrants perceived higher levels of school danger compared to Italian-born adolescents, possibly driven by discrimination. Academic outcomes revealed significant disparities, with Italian-born students outperforming second-generation immigrants, highlighting the impact of acculturative and bicultural stress. The findings highlight the unique challenges second-generation immigrants face in Italy in balancing cultural integration with preserving their heritage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Adolescent Health and Mental Health)
13 pages, 292 KiB  
Article
Cultural Competence in Dietetic Practice
by Oana-Liliana Atomei, Monica Sânpălean and Monica Tarcea
Dietetics 2024, 3(4), 555-567; https://doi.org/10.3390/dietetics3040038 - 2 Dec 2024
Viewed by 444
Abstract
In the European context shaped by migration, it is necessary to adapt dietitians to cultural diversity for effective professional practice. The objectives of the research are to analyze the cultural and ethnic diversity in Romania, highlighting the possible influence of acculturation on the [...] Read more.
In the European context shaped by migration, it is necessary to adapt dietitians to cultural diversity for effective professional practice. The objectives of the research are to analyze the cultural and ethnic diversity in Romania, highlighting the possible influence of acculturation on the dietary behaviors of different ethnic groups, and to formulate ways to apply the stages of cultural competence. The research methodology included the collection and use of data from the population census and other statistical sources to analyze the ethnic, linguistic, and religious composition in different regions of Romania, and the use of a cultural competence model that could be applied in the Romanian medical context for the formulation of health recommendations tailored to eating habits and influenced by acculturation and sociocultural factors. The study reveals the cultural diversity of the Romanian population, with more than 1.7 million inhabitants having a native language other than Romanian and with a wide ethnic and religious variety. We adapted a cultural competence model including methods to assess dietary acculturation, understand food preferences, and respect ethnic, religious, and generational diversity, ensuring its applicability in various multicultural contexts. This study emphasizes the importance of cultural competence in dietetic practice in a diverse health care setting and tailoring nutrition services according to cultural diversity to improve health and patient satisfaction. Full article
16 pages, 726 KiB  
Article
Exploring Refugee School Teachers’ Roles in Culturally Diverse Adult Classrooms in Greece
by Ramón Martínez-Medina and Effrosyni Chania
Educ. Sci. 2024, 14(12), 1315; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14121315 - 29 Nov 2024
Viewed by 466
Abstract
This study examined the experiences of 15 refugee school teachers in Athens, focusing on their strategies for working with culturally diverse adult students. Through semi-structured interviews, the research investigated the evaluation of intercultural education that is imparted to adult refugees, the challenges in [...] Read more.
This study examined the experiences of 15 refugee school teachers in Athens, focusing on their strategies for working with culturally diverse adult students. Through semi-structured interviews, the research investigated the evaluation of intercultural education that is imparted to adult refugees, the challenges in the program’s implementation for adult refugees, the importance and the necessity of intercultural competence for instructors when working within refugee structures, and the possible ways of influencing the ethnic diversity of adult refugee immigrants that affect teachers’ perspectives regarding their education and social integration. The findings reveal a mix of progress and challenges in cultural education, exacerbated by the global financial crisis and infrastructure deficiencies. Intercultural competence emerges as vital for fostering inclusive learning environments, while embracing ethnic diversity shifts the focus from assimilation to celebration. Success indicators include cultivating a collective consciousness, promoting interaction between cultures, fostering empathy, and providing adequate resources. These insights offer valuable implications for enhancing refugee education and integration efforts in Athens and beyond. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Inclusive Refugee Education and Global Justice)
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<p>Social integration.</p>
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<p>Intercultural understanding and respect [<a href="#B57-education-14-01315" class="html-bibr">57</a>].</p>
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