Synthesis and Mechanism of Metal-Mediated Polymerization of Phenolic Resins
"> Figure 1
<p>Contact angle as a function of time for the PF resins accelerated by different catalysts.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Manifestation of adhesive wetting process: contact, spreading, and penetration.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>FT-IR spectra of the PF resins.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Liquid <sup>13</sup>C NMR spectra of PF resins.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Liquid <sup>13</sup>C NMR chemical shifts and group assignments of PF resin.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>Effect of catalysts at different temperatures on the bonding strength.</p> "> Figure 7
<p>TG (<b>a</b>) and DTG (<b>b</b>) curves of the cured PF resins.</p> "> Scheme 1
<p>Possible synthesis mechanism and metal-ligand coordination morphology of the (CH<sub>3</sub>COO)<sub>2</sub>Zn/PF resin complex.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Preparation of PF Resins
2.3. Preparation of Plywood
2.4. Characterization of PF Resins
2.5. Characterization of the Plywood
2.6. FT-IR Analysis of PF Resins
2.7. Contact Angle Measurement
2.8. Quantitative Liquid 13C NMR Measurement
2.9. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG) of Resins
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Performance of the Catalyst-Accelerated PF Resin
3.2. Contact Angle of the PF Resins
3.3. FT-IR Spectroscopy
3.4. Chemical Structure Analysis
3.5. Plywood Performance
3.6. Thermal Behavior of the Cured PF Resins
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Catalyst type | Performance | ||
---|---|---|---|
Solid content (%) | Viscosity (mPa·s) | Gel time (min) | |
Control | 43 | 25.70 | 20.46 |
Ba(OH)2 | 46 | 73.70 | 15.57 |
Na2CO3 | 44 | 153.00 | 11.83 |
LiOH | 46 | 58.30 | 15.88 |
(CH3COO)2Zn | 44 | 81.00 | 13.98 |
Wavenumbers (cm−1) | Assignment |
---|---|
3,367 | –OH stretching vibration |
2,900 | C–H stretching vibration of methylene |
1,600, 1440 | The elongation of aromatic –C=C– |
1,270 | C–O stretching vibration of phenolic C–OH and phenolic C–O |
1,020 | C–O stretching vibration of aliphatic C–OH, aliphatic C–O, and methylol C–OH |
970 | C–H stretching vibration of vinyl |
Wavenumbers (cm−1) | Absorption | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | Ba(OH)2 | Na2CO3 | LiOH | (CH3COO)2Zn | |
1,020 | 43.46 | 32.63 | 33.79 | 45.43 | 29.85 |
1,600 | 29.75 | 28.14 | 29.94 | 38.54 | 24.81 |
Ratio (1,020/1,600) | 1.46 | 1.16 | 1.13 | 1.17 | 1.20 |
PF resin | ortho/para (Substituted position) | ortho/para (Methylol) | ortho-para/para–para (Methylene bridges) |
---|---|---|---|
Control | |||
Ba(OH)2 | |||
Na2CO3 | |||
LiOH | |||
(CH3COO)2Zn | |||
Zn(NO3)2 |
Catalyst type | Tmax of Thermal event (°C) | Weight residue (%) at 700 °C | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First | Second | Third | Fourth | Fifth | ||
Control | 155 | 260 | 394 | 507 | – | 65.5 |
Ba(OH)2 | 156 | 262 | 390 | 503 | – | 68.0 |
Na2CO3 | 153 | 300 | 386 | 512 | – | 65.5 |
LiOH | 158 | 283 | 381 | 497 | – | 68.0 |
(CH3COO)2Zn | 155 | 273 | 381 | 493 | 518 | 68.0 |
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Yi, Z.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, S.; Gao, Q.; Li, J.; Zhang, W. Synthesis and Mechanism of Metal-Mediated Polymerization of Phenolic Resins. Polymers 2016, 8, 159. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym8050159
Yi Z, Zhang J, Zhang S, Gao Q, Li J, Zhang W. Synthesis and Mechanism of Metal-Mediated Polymerization of Phenolic Resins. Polymers. 2016; 8(5):159. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym8050159
Chicago/Turabian StyleYi, Zhao, Jizhi Zhang, Shifeng Zhang, Qiang Gao, Jianzhang Li, and Wei Zhang. 2016. "Synthesis and Mechanism of Metal-Mediated Polymerization of Phenolic Resins" Polymers 8, no. 5: 159. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym8050159
APA StyleYi, Z., Zhang, J., Zhang, S., Gao, Q., Li, J., & Zhang, W. (2016). Synthesis and Mechanism of Metal-Mediated Polymerization of Phenolic Resins. Polymers, 8(5), 159. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym8050159