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Article

Disaster-Pregnant Environment Stability Evaluation of Geohazards in the Yellow River–Huangshui River Valley, China

1
School of Geography, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
2
Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Xining 810008, China
3
School of National Safety and Emergency Management, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustainability 2025, 17(2), 732; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17020732 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 29 November 2024 / Revised: 12 January 2025 / Accepted: 13 January 2025 / Published: 17 January 2025

Abstract

This study aims to identify the key factors contributing to the destabilization of the geohazard disaster-pregnant environment in the Yellow River–Huangshui River Valley and provide a robust scientific basis for proactive disaster prevention, management of disaster chains, and mitigation of multi-hazard clusters in unstable regions. The research focuses on the Yellow River–Huangshui River Valley, evaluating the stability of its geohazard disaster-pregnant environment. The disaster-pregnant environment is classified into static and dynamic categories. The static disaster-pregnant environment encompasses factors such as lithology, fracture density, topography, slope, river network density, and vegetation cover. The dynamic disaster-pregnant environment incorporates variables such as extreme rainfall, consecutive rainy days, annual rainfall averages, monthly high temperatures, monthly maximum temperature variations, average annual air temperatures, and human activities. A random forest model was employed to quantitatively assess the stability of the geohazard disaster-pregnant environment in the Yellow River–Huangshui River Valley. The findings indicated that (1) extreme indicators were the primary contributors to the destabilization of the disaster-pregnant environment, with very heavy rainfall contributing 28% and consecutive rainy days contributing 27%. Human activities ranked next, accounting for 15%. (2) Unstable regions for static, dynamic, and integrated disaster-pregnant environments accounted for 44%, 45%, and 44% of the study area, respectively, with all unstable areas concentrated in river valley regions. (3) The overall trend of stability in the disaster-pregnant environment was characterized by widespread instability. Extremely unstable areas were predominantly located in river valley regions, largely influenced by human activities. Conversely, only 0.1% of the region exhibited signs of stability, and 2.1% showed a tendency toward extreme stability.
Keywords: random forest; geohazards; disaster-pregnant environment stability random forest; geohazards; disaster-pregnant environment stability

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Zhang, T.; Zhou, Q.; Ma, W.; Gao, Y.; Li, H.; Zhang, Q. Disaster-Pregnant Environment Stability Evaluation of Geohazards in the Yellow River–Huangshui River Valley, China. Sustainability 2025, 17, 732. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17020732

AMA Style

Zhang T, Zhou Q, Ma W, Gao Y, Li H, Zhang Q. Disaster-Pregnant Environment Stability Evaluation of Geohazards in the Yellow River–Huangshui River Valley, China. Sustainability. 2025; 17(2):732. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17020732

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhang, Tengyue, Qiang Zhou, Weidong Ma, Yuan Gao, Hanmei Li, and Qiuyang Zhang. 2025. "Disaster-Pregnant Environment Stability Evaluation of Geohazards in the Yellow River–Huangshui River Valley, China" Sustainability 17, no. 2: 732. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17020732

APA Style

Zhang, T., Zhou, Q., Ma, W., Gao, Y., Li, H., & Zhang, Q. (2025). Disaster-Pregnant Environment Stability Evaluation of Geohazards in the Yellow River–Huangshui River Valley, China. Sustainability, 17(2), 732. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17020732

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