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Forests
Volume 15
Issue 12
10.3390/f15122201
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Intercropping Shapes the Metabolome and Microbiome of Medicinal Giant Lily (Cardiocrinum giganteum) in Bamboo, Chinese Fir, and Mixed Forests

by
Jie Zhang
1,2,
Yilin Ning
1,2,
Haoyu Wu
3,
Guibin Gao
1,2,
Zhizhuang Wu
1,2,
Yuwen Peng
1,2,
Zhiyuan Huang
1,2 and
Xiaoping Zhang
1,2,*
1
China National Bamboo Research Center, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Bamboo Forest Ecology and Resource Utilization, Hangzhou 310012, China
2
National Long-Term Observation and Research Station for Forest Ecosystem in Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou Plain, Hangzhou 310012, China
3
Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Forests 2024, 15(12), 2201; https://doi.org/10.3390/f15122201
Submission received: 14 November 2024 / Accepted: 9 December 2024 / Published: 13 December 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ecological Functions of Bamboo Forests: Research and Application—2nd Edition)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Intercropping is a promising strategy for sustainable medicinal plant cultivation, but its impact on plant–microbe interactions remains poorly understood. This study investigated the influence that intercropping giant lily (Cardiocrinum giganteum) with bamboo (BG), Chinese fir (FG), and mixed forests (MG) had on the giant lily metabolome and microbiome compared to a monoculture control (GG). Metabolomic analysis revealed that BG significantly increased the accumulation of terpenoids (e.g., yucalexin B22, 19.39-fold), alkaloids (e.g., anabasine, 2.97-fold), and steroids (e.g., O-acetyl-lariciresinol, 4.49-fold), while MG induced the production of stress-related metabolites (e.g., aflatoxin G2, 128.62-fold), and FG enhanced nitrogen metabolism (e.g., putrescine, 2.47-fold). Intercropping altered the rhizosphere and endophytic microbial communities, with BG enriching beneficial bacteria (e.g., Acidobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria) and FG promoting symbiotic fungi (e.g., Serendipita and Xylariales). Network analysis revealed strong correlations between specific microbial taxa (e.g., Bacillus and Ceratobasidiaceae) and key metabolites (e.g., norpandamarilactonine A, methylgingerol), indicating their potential roles in shaping the metabolic profiles of giant lily. These findings highlight the complex interplay between intercropping systems, microbial communities, and medicinal plant metabolism and provide a basis for developing targeted cultivation strategies to enhance the production of bioactive compounds in giant lily and other medicinal plants.
Keywords: giant lily; intercropping; agroforestry; rhizosphere microbiome; endogenous microbiome; secondary metabolites giant lily; intercropping; agroforestry; rhizosphere microbiome; endogenous microbiome; secondary metabolites

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Zhang, J.; Ning, Y.; Wu, H.; Gao, G.; Wu, Z.; Peng, Y.; Huang, Z.; Zhang, X. Intercropping Shapes the Metabolome and Microbiome of Medicinal Giant Lily (Cardiocrinum giganteum) in Bamboo, Chinese Fir, and Mixed Forests. Forests 2024, 15, 2201. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15122201

AMA Style

Zhang J, Ning Y, Wu H, Gao G, Wu Z, Peng Y, Huang Z, Zhang X. Intercropping Shapes the Metabolome and Microbiome of Medicinal Giant Lily (Cardiocrinum giganteum) in Bamboo, Chinese Fir, and Mixed Forests. Forests. 2024; 15(12):2201. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15122201

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhang, Jie, Yilin Ning, Haoyu Wu, Guibin Gao, Zhizhuang Wu, Yuwen Peng, Zhiyuan Huang, and Xiaoping Zhang. 2024. "Intercropping Shapes the Metabolome and Microbiome of Medicinal Giant Lily (Cardiocrinum giganteum) in Bamboo, Chinese Fir, and Mixed Forests" Forests 15, no. 12: 2201. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15122201

APA Style

Zhang, J., Ning, Y., Wu, H., Gao, G., Wu, Z., Peng, Y., Huang, Z., & Zhang, X. (2024). Intercropping Shapes the Metabolome and Microbiome of Medicinal Giant Lily (Cardiocrinum giganteum) in Bamboo, Chinese Fir, and Mixed Forests. Forests, 15(12), 2201. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15122201

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