Ulysses S. Grant

Ulysses S. Grant
	; Grant portreti (1870—1880)
18-Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari Prezidenti
	Mansab davri; 4-mart 1869-yil – 4-mart 1877-yil
Vitse-prezident	Schuyler Colfax (1869—1873); Henry Wilson (1873—1875); Yoʻq (1875—1877);
Oʻtmishdoshi	Andrew Johnson
Vorisi	Rutherford B. Hayes
AQSh armiyasi komandir-generali
	Mansab davri; 9-mart 1864-yil – 4-mart 1869-yil
Prezident	Abraham Lincoln; Andrew Johnson;
Oʻtmishdoshi	Henry W. Halleck
Vorisi	William Tecumseh Sherman
Shaxsiy maʼlumotlari
Tavalludi	27-aprel 1822-yil; Point Pleasant, Ohio, AQSh
Vafoti	23-iyul 1885-yil ; (63 yoshda) ; Wilton, New York, AQSh
Fuqaroligi	AQSh
Siyosiy partiyasi	Respublikachilar partiyasi
Boʻyi	175 sm
Turmush oʻrtogʻi	Julia Grant
Bolalari	Frederick Dent Grant, Ulysses S. Grant, Jr., Nellie Grant, Jesse Root Grant
Ota-onasi	Jesse Root Grant; Hannah Simpson Grant;
Kasbi	Siyosatchi; harbiy ofitser;
Imzosi

Ulysses S. Grant (talaffuzi: Uliss Grant; tugʻilgan paytidagi ismi Hiram Ulysses Grant (talaffuzi: Hayram Uliss Grant); 27-aprel, 1822-yil — 23-iyul, 1885-yil) amerikalik harbiy ofitser va siyosatchi boʻlgan boʻlib, 1869-yildan 1877-yilga qadar Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari 18-prezidenti lavozimini bajargandir. Prezident oʻlaroq Grant Adliya vazirligini yaratgan va qayta qurish davrida afroamerikaliklarni muhofaza qilish uchun Radikal Respublikachilar bilan birga ishlagan samarali fuqarolik huquqlari boʻyicha maʼmuriyat boshligʻi boʻlgan. Komandir-general oʻlaroq u 1865-yili Amerika fuqarolar urushida Birlik (Union) armiyasini gʻalabaga yetakladi hamda keyinroq oz muddat urush kotibi lavozimida faoliyat yuritdi.

Ismi

Oila afsonasiga koʻra, bola uchun „Ulysses“ ismini qoʻyishni uning oʻgay buvisi Sara Simpson taklif qiladi. U bu ismni Fenelonning „Telemakning sarguzashtlari“ romaniga katta taassurot qoldirgan personaj — „Ulysses“ (Odissey) dan olgan. va „Hayrem“ ismini esa bobosi Jon Simpson qoʻygan^[1]. „S“ bosh harflari esa Grantni „West Point“ akademiyasiga tavsiya qilgan^[2] Kongress aʼzosi Thomas Hamerning xatosi tufayli paydo boʻlgan. Ulissning onasining familiyasi boʻlgan Simpson nomi esa, baʼzan uning ikkinchi ismi deb notoʻgʻri talqin qilingan boʻlsa-da, Grantning fikriga koʻra, bu haqiqatga mos kelmaydi. Akademiyada Grant ismining bosh harflari bilan: „U. S. Grant“ deb qayd qilingani tufayli uni „Sam Grant amaki“ deb chaqirishgan, yoki oddiygina qilib Sam deb.

Hayoti

Hiram Ulysses Grant Ohio shtatining Point Pleasant shahrida 1822-yil 27-aprelda dunyoga kelgan. Otasi Jesse Root Grant koʻnchi va savdogar boʻlgan, onasi — Hannah Simpson Grant.^[3]

Xotirasi

1897-yilda Grant xotirasiga New York shahrida Grant mavzoleyi ochildi.

Shu kungacha Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlaridagi beshta shahar uning nomi bilan atalgan. Kansas shtatidagi Ulysses shahri ham Grant sharafiga nomlangan.

1913-yildan buyon Grant portreti 50 dollarlik banknotada tasvirlangan.^[4]^[5]

Manbalar

↑ Simpson, Brooks D, Ulysses S. Grant: Triumph Over Adversity, 1822—1865. New York, 2000. P. 2.
↑ Ron Chernow. Grant. Penguin Press, 2017. ISBN 9781594204876.
↑ McFeely 1981, s. 6.
↑ „Silver Commemoratives, 1922“. NGC. Qaraldi: 25-noyabr 2016-yil.
↑ „1922 Grant Half Dollar“. SDL Numismatic Properties (2012). 31-yanvar 2022-yilda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 25-noyabr 2016-yil.

Bibliografiya

Biografik

Anbinder, Tyler (1997-yil iyun). „Ulysses S. Grant, Nativist“. Civil War History. 43-jild, № 2. 119–41-bet. doi:10.1353/cwh.1997.0086. {{cite magazine}}: sana kiritilishi kerak boʻlgan parametrga berilgan qiymatni tekshirish lozim: |date= (yordam)
Badeau, Adam. Grant in Peace: From Appomattox to Mount McGregor. New York: D. Appleton, 1887. ISBN 978-0-8369-5723-5. OCLC 558211659.
Bonekemper III, Edward H.. Ulysses S. Grant: A Victor, Not a Butcher: The Military Genius of the Man Who Won the Civil War Ulysses S. Grant: A Victor, Not a Butcher. Regnery Publishing, 2010. ISBN 978-1-5969-8641-1.
Brands, H. W.. The Man Who Saved the Union: Ulysses S. Grant in War and Peace. New York: Doubleday, 2012. ISBN 978-0-385-53241-9.
Bunting III, Josiah. Ulysses S. Grant. New York City: Times Books, 2004. ISBN 978-0-8050-6949-5.
Calhoun, Charles W.. The Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2017. ISBN 978-0-7006-2484-3. scholarly review and response by Calhoun at DOI:10.14296/RiH/2014/2270
Campbell, Edwina S.. Citizen of a Wider Commonwealth: Ulysses S. Grant's Postpresidential Diplomacy. Illinois: Southern Illinois University Press, 2016. ISBN 978-0-8093-3478-0.
Chernow, Ron. Grant. New York: Penguin Press, 2017. ISBN 978-1-59420-487-6.
Coolidge, Louis. Ulysses S. Grant. Boston & New York: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1917. ISBN 9780404508944. ; scholarly review at DOI:10.14296/RiH/2014/2270
Dorsett, Lyle W. (1983). „The Problem of Ulysses S. Grant's Drinking During the Civil War“. Hayes Historical Journal. 4-jild, № 2. 37–49-bet.
„Election of 1872“. American Presidency Project ™. 11-avgust 2011-yilda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 17-iyun 2018-yil.
Furgurson, Ernest B.. Not war but murder. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 2007. ISBN 978-0-3074-2704-5.
Garland, Hamlin. Ulysses S. Grant: His Life and Character. New York: Doubleday & McClure, 1898. ISBN 978-0-7950-1911-1.
Hesseltine, William B.. Ulysses S. Grant: Politician. New York: F. Ungar Pub. Co., 1957. ISBN 978-1-931313-85-8.
Howland, Edward. Grant as a soldier and Statesmen. J. B. Burr & Co., 1868.
Kahan, Paul. The Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant: Preserving the Civil War's Legacy. Yardley, PA: Westholme Publishing, LLC, 2018. ISBN 978-1-59416-273-2.
Longacre, Edward G.. General Ulysses S. Grant: The Soldier and the Man. Cambridge, MA: First Da Capo Press, 2006. ISBN 978-0-306-81636-9. online free
Mackowski, Chris; White, Kristopher D.. Grant's Last Battle: The Story Behind the Personal Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant. El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Beatie LLC, 2015. ISBN 978-1-61121-160-3.
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Waltmann, Henry G. (1971-yil qish). „Circumstantial Reformer: President Grant & the Indian Problem“. Arizona and the West. 13-jild, № 4. 323–42-bet. JSTOR 40168089. {{cite magazine}}: sana kiritilishi kerak boʻlgan parametrga berilgan qiymatni tekshirish lozim: |date= (yordam)
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Waugh, Joan. U.S. Grant: American Hero, American Myth. The University of North Carolina Press, 2009. ISBN 978-0-8078-3317-9.
Weinstein, Allen (1967). „Was There a 'Crime of 1873'?: The Case of the Demonetized Dollar“. Journal of American History. 54-jild, № 2. 307–26-bet. doi:10.2307/1894808. JSTOR 1894808.
White, Ronald C.. American Ulysses: A Life of Ulysses S. Grant. Random House Publishing Group, 2016. ISBN 978-1-58836-992-5.
Woodward, C. Vann (1957-yil aprel). „The Lowest Ebb“. American Heritage. 8-jild, № 3. 53–108-bet. ISSN 0002-8738. {{cite magazine}}: sana kiritilishi kerak boʻlgan parametrga berilgan qiymatni tekshirish lozim: |date= (yordam)
Haimann, Alexander T. „5-cent Grant“. Smithsonian National Postal Museum (2006). 20-may 2016-yilda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 14-noyabr 2016-yil.(Wayback Machine saytida 20-may 2016-yil sanasida arxivlangan)
„Three Great American Disinflations: 1. introduction“. U.S. Federal Reserve Board. Qaraldi: 17-dekabr 2016-yil.
„Today's historians have a higher opinion of Ulysses S. Grant“ (5-oktabr 2017-yil).

Harbiy va siyosat

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Blakemore, Erin „During the Civil War, Gen. Ulysses Grant Began Expelling Southern Jews – Until Lincoln Stepped In“. History.com (23-iyul 2019-yil). Qaraldi: 1-yanvar 2020-yil.
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Bonekemper, Edward H.. Grant and Lee. Washington, DC: Regnery History, 2012. ISBN 978-1-62157-010-3.
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Catton, Bruce. Grant Takes Command. Boston: Little, Brown, 2015. ISBN 978-0-316-13210-7.
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Birlamchi manbalar

Grant, Ulysses S.. Personal memoirs of U.S. Grant : in two volumes. New York : Charles L. Webster & Co., 1885.
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Young, John Russell. Around the World with General Grant, Vol. I. New York: The American News Company, 1879a.
„Gen. Grant and the Jews“ (18-yanvar 1863-yil).

Historiography

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Hunt, Linda Lawrence (27-iyul 2017-yil). „'American Ulysses' writer Ronald C. White explains why Grant is so often misunderstood“. The Christian Science Monitor. Boston, Massachusetts.{{cite magazine}}: CS1 maint: date format ()
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Russell, Henry M. W. (1990-yil bahor). „The Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant: The Rhetoric of Judgment“. Virginia Quarterly Review. 66-jild, № 2. 189–209-bet. ISSN 0042-675X. {{cite magazine}}: sana kiritilishi kerak boʻlgan parametrga berilgan qiymatni tekshirish lozim: |date= (yordam)
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Wilson, Edmund. Patriotic Gore: Studies in the Literature of the American Civil War, 1962. ISBN 978-0-393-31256-0.
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„General Ulysses S. Grant Memorial, (sculpture)“. Collections Search Center. Smithsonian Institution (2014).
„The Brink of Extinction – and recovery“. Bison Ecology. National Park Service, Yellowstone National Park. Qaraldi: 26-dekabr 2016-yil.
„Ulysses S. Grant Memorial“. U.S. Government: Capitol Visiting Center. Qaraldi: 27-iyun 2016-yil.
Killanin, Baron Michael Morris; Duignan, Michael V.. The Shell Guide to Ireland. Park West, Dublin, Ireland: Gill and Macmillan, 1989 — 62-bet. ISBN 978-0-7171-1595-2.
„Ulster-Scots and the United States Presidents“. Ulster-Scots Agency. Qaraldi: 12-iyul 2010-yil.
Heffernan, David „Ulysses S. Grant - Civil War General & President Documentary“ (video). Youtube (6-avgust 2021-yil). 2022-yil 20-martda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 15-sentabr 2021-yil.
Farley, Robert „Why too many historians look down on Ulysses S. Grant“. Insider (20-sentabr 2021-yil). Qaraldi: 23-sentabr 2021-yil.
Little, Becky „How the Cult of Robert E. Lee Was Born“. history.com. History (31-avgust 2018-yil). Qaraldi: 19-oktabr 2021-yil.

Havolalar

Ulysses S. Grant Kutubxonasi ^(ingl.)
Ulysses S. Grant: A Resource Guide — Kongress kutubxonasi ^(ingl.)

[1] Simpson, Brooks D, Ulysses S. Grant: Triumph Over Adversity, 1822—1865. New York, 2000. P. 2.

[:0-2] Ron Chernow. Grant. Penguin Press, 2017. ISBN 9781594204876.

[FOOTNOTEMcFeely19816-3] McFeely 1981, s. 6.

[7gWys-4] „Silver Commemoratives, 1922“. NGC. Qaraldi: 25-noyabr 2016-yil.

[yI5mO-5] „1922 Grant Half Dollar“. SDL Numismatic Properties (2012). 31-yanvar 2022-yilda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 25-noyabr 2016-yil.

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