Journal of Optical Communications and Networking
Vol. 12,
Issue 7,
pp. 200-216
(2020)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.390428

ERON: an energy-efficient and elastic RF-optical architecture for mmWave 5G radio access networks

Hongbo Lu, Roberto Proietti, Gengchen Liu, Xiaoliang Chen, and S. J. Ben Yoo

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Hongbo Lu, Roberto Proietti, Gengchen Liu, Xiaoliang Chen, and S. J. Ben Yoo, "ERON: an energy-efficient and elastic RF-optical architecture for mmWave 5G radio access networks," J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 12, 200-216 (2020)

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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: February 13, 2020
- Revised Manuscript: March 31, 2020
- Manuscript Accepted: April 13, 2020
- Published: May 13, 2020

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Abstract

This paper proposes an elastic RF-optical networking (ERON) architecture solution for millimeter wave (mmWave) 5G radio access networks. The ERON architecture achieves energy efficiency and throughput elasticity using photonic-enhanced multibeam mmWave spatial multiplexing capability at the radio units. The centralization of the hardware resources and the converged management of the RF and optical resources in the data units offer high resource pooling gain. A numerical study on the energy efficiency of ERON’s photonic-enabled mmWave 5G system reveals that ERON is 5× more energy efficient than both conventional digital and hybrid RF beam-forming implementations. We also conducted a user mobility-aware network resources study, and the results show a 10 dB network resource pooling gain when compared to classic radio access network implementations.

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Roberto Proietti	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6378-7005
Xiaoliang Chen	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7805-6237

Carrier frequency (GHz)	28
Bandwidth (MHz)	850
Propagation distance (m)	500
FSLP (dB)	115.4
Penetration loss (dB)	12.7
Temperature (K)	300
Power budget margin (dB)	5
Rx antenna gain (dBi)	0

	Unit Power Consumption	Digital Array	Fully-Connected Hybrid Array	Photonic-aided Array
GZR	7 W [17]	$⌈ N \cdot B w \cdot b i t s \cdot 2 / 400 ⌉$	–	–
DSP	$13^{- 9} m W / b i t / s$ [54]	$N$	$U$	–
SerDes	10 mW/Gb/s [55]	$N \cdot 2$	$U \cdot 2$	–
DAC	0.08 pJ/conversion [56]	$N \cdot 2$	$U \cdot 2$	–
Mixer	10 mW [57]	$N$	$U$	–
LO	60 mW [57]	$N$	$U$	–
RF Amplifier	40 mW [58]	$M + ⌈ \log_{8} U ⌉ \cdot N$	$U + ⌈ \log_{8} N ⌉ \cdot N \cdot U + ⌈ \log_{8} U ⌉ \cdot N$	$N$
Phase Shifter	10 mW [59]	–	$N \cdot U$	–
Optical PS	30 pJ/bit/s [53]	–	–	$N \cdot U$
PD + TIA	77 mW [60]	–	–	$N$
SOA	540 mW [50]	–	–	$N \cdot 2^{- 6}$ if $N > 64$

1:	for Each user in all users do
2:	if $v_{i} \neq 0$ then $▹$ Update user location
3:	$user (i, x, y) \leftarrow user (i, x, y) + v_{i}$
4:	if ${Req}_{i} \neq 0$ then $▹$ Update user BW request
5:	$B w_{i} \leftarrow {Req}_{i}$
6:	else
7:	Release $RSM A_{i}$
8:	$R U_{i} \leftarrow user (i, x, y)$ $▹$ Find the corresponding RU
9:	if $RSM A_{i} = None$ then $▹$ Update RU RSMA
10:	$RSM A_{i} \leftarrow$ new RSMA assignment from ${RU}_{i}$
11:	else
12:	if $RSM A_{i}$ conflict in $R U_{i}$ then
13:	$RSM A_{i} \leftarrow$ new RSMA assignment from $R U_{i}$

Carrier frequency (GHz)	28
Bandwidth (MHz)	850
Propagation distance (m)	500
FSLP (dB)	115.4
Penetration loss (dB)	12.7
Temperature (K)	300
Power budget margin (dB)	5
Rx antenna gain (dBi)	0

ERON: an energy-efficient and elastic RF-optical architecture for mmWave 5G radio access networks

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Equations (11)

Journal of Optical Communications and Networking