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Grid-Coding: An Accessible, Efficient, and Structured Coding Paradigm for Blind and Low-Vision Programmers

Authors:

Md Ehtesham-Ul-Haque,

Syed Mostofa Monsur,

Syed Masum BillahAuthors Info & Claims

UIST '22: Proceedings of the 35th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology

Article No.: 44, Pages 1 - 21

https://doi.org/10.1145/3526113.3545620

Published: 28 October 2022 Publication History

Abstract

Sighted programmers often rely on visual cues (e.g., syntax coloring, keyword highlighting, code formatting) to perform common coding activities in text-based languages (e.g., Python). Unfortunately, blind and low-vision (BLV) programmers hardly benefit from these visual cues because they interact with computers via assistive technologies (e.g., screen readers), which fail to communicate visual semantics meaningfully. Prior work on making text-based programming languages and environments accessible mostly focused on code navigation and, to some extent, code debugging, but not much toward code editing, which is an essential coding activity.

We present Grid-Coding to fill this gap. Grid-Coding renders source code in a structured 2D grid, where each row, column, and cell have consistent, meaningful semantics. Its design is grounded on prior work and refined by 28 BLV programmers through online participatory sessions for 2 months. We implemented the Grid-Coding prototype as a spreadsheet-like web application for Python and evaluated it with a study with 12 BLV programmers. This study revealed that, compared to a text editor (i.e., the go-to editor for BLV programmers), our prototype enabled BLV programmers to navigate source code quickly, find the context of a statement easily, detect syntax errors in existing code effectively, and write new code with fewer syntax errors. The study also revealed how BLV programmers adopted Grid-Coding and demonstrated novel interaction patterns conducive to increased programming productivity.

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Index Terms

Grid-Coding: An Accessible, Efficient, and Structured Coding Paradigm for Blind and Low-Vision Programmers
1. Human-centered computing
  1. Accessibility
    1. Accessibility systems and tools

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cover image ACM Conferences

UIST '22: Proceedings of the 35th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology

October 2022

1363 pages

ISBN:9781450393201

DOI:10.1145/3526113

Editors:
Maneesh Agrawala
Stanford University, USA
,
Jacob O. Wobbrock
University of Washington, USA
,
Eytan Adar
University of Michigan, USA
,
Vidya Setlur
Tableau Research, USA

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https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3674805.3690749
Lança DPiçarra MGonçalves IOh URodrigues AGuerreiro J(2024)Speed-of-Light VR for Blind People: Conveying the Location of Arm-Reach TargetsProceedings of the 26th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility10.1145/3663548.3688533(1-5)Online publication date: 27-Oct-2024
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Tsutsui AYamamoto KZhao YSuzuki ITanaka KOchiai Y(2024)Low Vision Boxing: Participatory Design of Adaptive Kickboxing Experiences with Low Vision PersonProceedings of the 26th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility10.1145/3663548.3675619(1-18)Online publication date: 27-Oct-2024
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