research-article

Real-time hidden gaze point correction

Authors:

Oleg Špakov,

Yulia GizatdinovaAuthors Info & Claims

ETRA '14: Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications

Pages 291 - 294

https://doi.org/10.1145/2578153.2578200

Published: 26 March 2014 Publication History

Get Access

Abstract

The accuracy of gaze point estimation is one of the main limiting factors in developing applications that utilize gaze input. The existing gaze point correction methods either do not support real-time interaction or imply restrictions on gaze-controlled tasks and object screen locations. We hypothesize that when gaze points can be reliably correlated with object screen locations, it is possible to gather and leverage this information for improving the accuracy of gaze pointing. We propose an algorithm that uses a growing pool of such collected correlations between gaze points and objects for real-time hidden gaze point correction. We tested this algorithm assuming that any point inside of a rectangular object has equal probability to be hit by gaze. We collected real data in a user study to simulate pointing at targets of small (<30px), medium (~50px) and large (>80px) size. The results showed that our algorithm can significantly improve the hit rate especially in pointing at middle-sized targets. The proposed method is real-time, person- and task-independent and is applicable for arbitrary located objects.

References

[1]

Ashmore, M., Duchowski, A. T., and Shoemaker, G. 2005. Efficient eye pointing with a fisheye lens. In Proceedings of GI'05. University of Waterloo, Canada, 203--210.

Digital Library

Google Scholar

[2]

Bates, R. and Istance, H. 2002. Zooming interfaces!: enhancing the performance of eye controlled pointing devices. In Proceedings of ASSETS '02, ACM, 119--126.

Digital Library

Google Scholar

[3]

Hornof, A. J., and Halverson, T. 2002. Cleaning up systematic error in eye tracking data by using required fixation locations. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers, 34 (4), 592--604.

Crossref

Google Scholar

[4]

MacKenzie, I. S. and Zhang, X. 2008. Eye typing using word and letter prediction and a fixation algorithm. In Proceedings of ETRA '08. ACM, 55--58.

Digital Library

Google Scholar

[5]

Miniotas, D., Špakov. O., and MacKenzie, I. S. 2004. Eye gaze interaction with expanding targets. In Proceeding of CHI EA'04. ACM, 1255--1258.

Digital Library

Google Scholar

[6]

Miniotas, D., Špakov, O., Tugoy, I., and MacKenzie, I. S. 2006. Speech-augmented eye gaze interaction with small closely spaced targets. In Proceedings of ETRA'06, ACM, 67--72.

Digital Library

Google Scholar

[7]

Monden, A., Matsumoto, K., and Yamato, M. 2005. Evaluation of gaze-added target selection methods suitable for general GUIs. International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology 24, 1, Inderscience Publishers, 17--24.

Digital Library

Google Scholar

[8]

Skovsgaard, H., Mateo, J. C., Flach, J. M., and Hansen, J. P. 2010. Small-target selection with gaze alone. In Proceedings of ETRA'10, ACM, 145--148.

Digital Library

Google Scholar

[9]

Vidal, M., Pfeuffer, K., Bulling, A. and Gellersen, H. 2013. Pursuits: Eye-Based Interaction with Moving Targets. In Proceedings of CHI EA '13, ACM, 3147--3150.

Digital Library

Google Scholar

[10]

Zhai, S., Morimoto, C., and Ihde, S. 1999. Manual and gaze input cascaded (MAGIC) pointing. In Proceedings of CHI '99, ACM, 246--253.

Digital Library

Google Scholar

[11]

Zhang, X., Ren, X., and Zha, H. 2008. Improving eye cursor's stability for eye pointing tasks. In Proceedings of CHI '08. ACM, 525--534.

Digital Library

Google Scholar

Cited By

View all

Sidenmark LParent MWu CChan JGlueck MWigdor DGrossman TGiordano M(2022)Weighted Pointer: Error-aware Gaze-based Interaction through Fallback ModalitiesIEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics10.1109/TVCG.2022.320309628:11(3585-3595)Online publication date: Nov-2022
https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2022.3203096
Huang MBulling AKrejtz KSharif B(2019)SacCalibProceedings of the 11th ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications10.1145/3317956.3321553(1-10)Online publication date: 25-Jun-2019
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3317956.3321553
Barz MDaiber FSonntag DBulling ASharif BKrejtz K(2018)Error-aware gaze-based interfaces for robust mobile gaze interactionProceedings of the 2018 ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications10.1145/3204493.3204536(1-10)Online publication date: 14-Jun-2018
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3204493.3204536
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

Real-time hidden gaze point correction
1. Human-centered computing
  1. Human computer interaction (HCI)
    1. HCI design and evaluation methods
    2. Interaction devices
      1. Touch screens

Recommendations

Look and lean: accurate head-assisted eye pointing
ETRA '14: Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications

Compared to the mouse, eye pointing is inaccurate. As a consequence, small objects are difficult to point by gaze alone. We suggest using a combination of eye pointing and subtle head movements to achieve accurate hands-free pointing in a conventional ...
Gaze+Gesture: Expressive, Precise and Targeted Free-Space Interactions
ICMI '15: Proceedings of the 2015 ACM on International Conference on Multimodal Interaction

Humans rely on eye gaze and hand manipulations extensively in their everyday activities. Most often, users gaze at an object to perceive it and then use their hands to manipulate it. We propose applying a multimodal, gaze plus free-space gesture ...
An eye tracking dataset for point of gaze detection
ETRA '12: Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications

This paper presents a new, publicly available eye tracking dataset, aimed to be used as a benchmark for Point of Gaze (PoG) detection algorithms. The dataset consists of a set of videos recording the eye motion of human test subjects as they were ...

Comments

Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

ETRA '14: Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications

March 2014

394 pages

ISBN:9781450327510

DOI:10.1145/2578153

Conference Chairs:
Pernilla Qvarfordt
FX Palo Alto Laboratory
,
Dan Witzner Hansen
IT University, Denmark

Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored. For all other uses, contact the Owner/Author.

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 26 March 2014

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article

Conference

ETRA '14

Sponsor:

ETRA '14: Eye Tracking Research and Applications

March 26 - 28, 2014

Florida, Safety Harbor

Acceptance Rates

Overall Acceptance Rate 69 of 137 submissions, 50%

Upcoming Conference

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

5
Total Citations
View Citations
167
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)4
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)1

Reflects downloads up to 09 Jan 2025

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all

Sidenmark LParent MWu CChan JGlueck MWigdor DGrossman TGiordano M(2022)Weighted Pointer: Error-aware Gaze-based Interaction through Fallback ModalitiesIEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics10.1109/TVCG.2022.320309628:11(3585-3595)Online publication date: Nov-2022
https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2022.3203096
Huang MBulling AKrejtz KSharif B(2019)SacCalibProceedings of the 11th ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications10.1145/3317956.3321553(1-10)Online publication date: 25-Jun-2019
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3317956.3321553
Barz MDaiber FSonntag DBulling ASharif BKrejtz K(2018)Error-aware gaze-based interfaces for robust mobile gaze interactionProceedings of the 2018 ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications10.1145/3204493.3204536(1-10)Online publication date: 14-Jun-2018
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3204493.3204536
Biele CKobylinski P(2017)Surface Recalibration as a New Method Improving Gaze-Based Human-Computer InteractionIntelligent Human Systems Integration10.1007/978-3-319-73888-8_31(197-202)Online publication date: 31-Dec-2017
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73888-8_31
Barz MDaiber FBulling AQvarfordt PHansen D(2016)Prediction of gaze estimation error for error-aware gaze-based interfacesProceedings of the Ninth Biennial ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications10.1145/2857491.2857493(275-278)Online publication date: 14-Mar-2016
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2857491.2857493

View Options

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Cited By

Index Terms

Recommendations

Look and lean: accurate head-assisted eye pointing

Gaze+Gesture: Expressive, Precise and Targeted Free-Space Interactions

An eye tracking dataset for point of gaze detection