Abstract
Mast cells are recognized as critical components of the tumor stromal microenvironment in several solid and hematological malignancies, promoting angiogenesis and tumor growth. A correlation between mast cells infiltration, angiogenesis and tumor progression has been reported for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma as well. Mast cells contribute to the aggressiveness of the pancreatic ductal carcinoma enhancing the expression of several pro-angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor-2, platelet-derived growth factor and angiopoietin-1 as well as stimulating the pancreatic cancer cells proliferation by IL-13 and tryptase. The disruption of this pro-angiogenic and proliferative stimulation by inhibiting the mast cells migration and degranulation is under investigation as a potential therapeutic approach in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients. This review will summarize the literature concerning the mast cells infiltration in the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma analyzing its role in angiogenesis and tumor progression.
Keywords:
Angiogenesis; Mast cells; Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
MeSH terms
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Angiogenesis Inhibitors / therapeutic use*
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Angiopoietin-1 / antagonists & inhibitors
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Angiopoietin-1 / genetics
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Angiopoietin-1 / metabolism
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Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / blood supply
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Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / drug therapy
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Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / genetics*
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Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / pathology
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Cell Movement / drug effects
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Disease Progression
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Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / antagonists & inhibitors
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Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / genetics
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Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / metabolism
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Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic*
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Humans
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Interleukin-13 / antagonists & inhibitors
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Interleukin-13 / genetics
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Interleukin-13 / metabolism
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Mast Cells / drug effects*
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Mast Cells / metabolism
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Mast Cells / pathology
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Neoplasm Invasiveness
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Neovascularization, Pathologic / genetics
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Neovascularization, Pathologic / pathology
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Neovascularization, Pathologic / prevention & control*
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Pancreatic Neoplasms / blood supply
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Pancreatic Neoplasms / drug therapy
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Pancreatic Neoplasms / genetics*
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Pancreatic Neoplasms / pathology
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Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / antagonists & inhibitors
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Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / genetics
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Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / metabolism
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Tryptases / antagonists & inhibitors
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Tryptases / genetics
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Tryptases / metabolism
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Tumor Microenvironment / drug effects
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Tumor Microenvironment / genetics
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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / antagonists & inhibitors
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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / genetics
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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / metabolism
Substances
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Angiogenesis Inhibitors
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Angiopoietin-1
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IL13 protein, human
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Interleukin-13
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Platelet-Derived Growth Factor
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VEGFA protein, human
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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
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Fibroblast Growth Factor 2
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Tryptases