Abstract
To better understand prostate function and disease, it is important to define and explore the molecular constituents that signify the prostate gland. The aim of this study was to define the prostate specific transcriptome and proteome, in comparison to 26 other human tissues. Deep sequencing of mRNA (RNA-seq) and immunohistochemistry-based protein profiling were combined to identify prostate specific gene expression patterns and to explore tissue biomarkers for potential clinical use in prostate cancer diagnostics. We identified 203 genes with elevated expression in the prostate, 22 of which showed more than five-fold higher expression levels compared to all other tissue types. In addition to previously well-known proteins we identified two poorly characterized proteins, TMEM79 and ACOXL, with potential to differentiate between benign and cancerous prostatic glands in tissue biopsies. In conclusion, we have applied a genome-wide analysis to identify the prostate specific proteome using transcriptomics and antibody-based protein profiling to identify genes with elevated expression in the prostate. Our data provides a starting point for further functional studies to explore the molecular repertoire of normal and diseased prostate including potential prostate cancer markers such as TMEM79 and ACOXL.
Publication types
-
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
-
Acyl-CoA Oxidase / analysis
-
Acyl-CoA Oxidase / genetics*
-
Aged
-
Animals
-
Antibodies / analysis
-
Biomarkers, Tumor / analysis
-
Biomarkers, Tumor / genetics
-
Cell Line, Tumor
-
Gene Expression Profiling
-
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic*
-
Gene Regulatory Networks
-
Humans
-
Immunohistochemistry
-
Male
-
Membrane Proteins / analysis
-
Membrane Proteins / genetics*
-
Middle Aged
-
Prostate / metabolism
-
Prostate / pathology*
-
Prostatic Neoplasms / diagnosis*
-
Prostatic Neoplasms / genetics*
-
Proteome / genetics
-
Proteomics
-
RNA, Messenger / genetics
-
Rabbits
-
Sequence Analysis, RNA
-
Transcriptome
Substances
-
Antibodies
-
Biomarkers, Tumor
-
Membrane Proteins
-
Proteome
-
RNA, Messenger
-
Tmem79 protein, human
-
ACOXL protein, human
-
Acyl-CoA Oxidase
Grants and funding
Funding was provided by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation and the Swedish Cancer Foundation and by the Marie Curie Industry-Academia Partnerships and Pathways program, FAST-PATH (No. 285910). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. OncoMark Ltd provided support in the form of salaries for author GOH, but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the ‘author contributions’ section.