Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated demyelinating disease that could be triggered by a viral infection. Coronaviruses induce an MS-like disease in rodents, are neuroinvasive in humans and can infect primary cultures of human astrocytes and microglia. Infection of the human astrocytic cell line U-373MG by the OC43 strain of human coronavirus caused an upregulation of IL-6, TNF-alpha, and MCP-1 mRNA expression. This virus also modulated the activity of matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 and augmented nitric oxide production in both U-373MG cells and the human microglial cell line CHME-5. Thus, a coronaviral infection of glial cells could lead to the production of inflammatory molecules that have been associated with central nervous system pathologies such as MS.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Astrocytes / enzymology
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Astrocytes / immunology
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Astrocytes / metabolism
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Astrocytes / virology
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Cell Line
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Chemokine CCL2 / genetics
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Coronavirus / physiology*
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Coronavirus OC43, Human*
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Gene Expression Regulation*
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Humans
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Interleukin-6 / genetics
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Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / metabolism
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Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / metabolism
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Microglia / enzymology
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Microglia / immunology
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Microglia / metabolism
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Microglia / virology
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Multiple Sclerosis / metabolism
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Multiple Sclerosis / virology
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Neuroglia / enzymology
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Neuroglia / immunology
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Neuroglia / metabolism*
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Neuroglia / virology*
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Nitric Oxide / metabolism
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RNA, Messenger / genetics
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RNA, Messenger / metabolism
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / genetics
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Up-Regulation
Substances
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Chemokine CCL2
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Interleukin-6
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RNA, Messenger
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
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Nitric Oxide
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Matrix Metalloproteinase 2
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Matrix Metalloproteinase 9