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Analysis of Optical Output Characteristics in Waveguide Coupled HCG-VCSELs Yoshihiro TSUNEMI Kazuhiro IKEDA Hitoshi KAWAGUCHI Publication IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Electronics Vol.E97-C No.4 pp.369-376 Publication Date: 2014/04/01 Online ISSN: 1745-1353 DOI: 10.1587/transele.E97.C.369 Type of Manuscript: PAPER Category: Lasers, Quantum Electronics Keyword: HCG, VCSEL, coupling efficiency, FDTD, SOI, Full Text: PDF(2.4MB)>>
Summary: We numerically investigated the optical output characteristics in two kinds of optical waveguide coupled high-index-contrast subwavelength grating VCSELs (HCG-VCSELs) that couple the laser output to the in-plane waveguide, operating at a 1.55-µm region. One is the transverse electric (TE) HCG, and the other is the transverse magnetic (TM) HCG. In a waveguide coupled HCG without a cavity structure, the out-coupling efficiency to the waveguide strongly depends on the intensity of the incident light at the starting edge of the waveguide. In a waveguide coupled HCG-VCSEL, the ratio of the waveguide output to the optical power inside the active region is determined also by the intensity of the resonant mode at the waveguide edge. The TE-HCG-VCSEL exhibited an almost 30 times larger waveguide output power while the quality factor of the laser cavity is 1/3, compared to those in the TM-HCG-VCSEL. The single mode condition was satisfied for the waveguide of the TE-HCG-VCSEL while the first order mode was allowed for that of the TM-HCG-VCSEL. Positioning the mesa edge at the waveguide edge within 1-µm accuracy results in waveguide outputs of about 0.7 and 0.02% of that inside the active region for TE- and TM-HCG-VCSEL, respectively. | |||||
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