Plant Protection Science, 2015 (vol. 51), issue 4
Index of Volume 51 (2015)Index
editors
Plant Protect. Sci., 2015, 51(4):I-IX | DOI: 10.17221/8470-PPS
Recent developments and challenges in chemical disease control - a reviewReview
Andy LEADBEATER
Plant Protect. Sci., 2015, 51(4):163-169 | DOI: 10.17221/83/2015-PPS
The use of chemical fungicides to control plant diseases is an integral component of crop management. Although fungicides have been used to good effect in agriculture since the 1940s, the introduction of new fungicides is an essential element to provide sustained control of major crop diseases. The need for new and innovative fungicides is driven, among other factors, by resistance management, regulatory hurdles, and increasing customer expectations. New fungicides can be discovered either within established mode of action groups, ideally with low resistance risk (robust modes of action), or in areas with completely novel modes of action. Compounds...
Fungicide resistance: facing the challenge - a reviewReview
Derek W. HOLLOMON
Plant Protect. Sci., 2015, 51(4):170-176 | DOI: 10.17221/42/2015-PPS
Fungicide resistance continues to generate disease control problems in many crops. Experience amassed over the past fifty years has emphasised the importance of diversity in modes of action in anti-resistance strategies. Because of losses, not only from resistance, but increasingly from environmental and health concerns, the number of modes of action has become dangerously small. This paper considers three challenges facing crop protection in the search for durable disease control systems. Greater understanding of the biochemistry surrounding fungal development and pathogenicity provides opportunities for the discovery and development of novel modes...
Real-time PCR applied to study on plant pathogens: potential applications in diagnosis - a reviewReview
Seyed Mahyar MIRMAJLESSI, Evelin LOIT, Marika MÄND, Seyed Mojtaba MANSOURIPOUR
Plant Protect. Sci., 2015, 51(4):177-190 | DOI: 10.17221/104/2014-PPS
Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) technique incorporates traditional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) efficiency with the production of a specific fluorescent signal, measuring the kinetics of the reaction in the early PCR phases and providing quantification of specific targets in various environmental samples. There are an increasing number of chemistries to detect PCR products, which are widely used in plant pathology as they cluster into the amplicon sequence non-specific and sequence-specific techniques. In this review, we illustrate a general description of major chemistries and discuss some considerations for assay development as it applies for...
Is species diversity of various crop "pest taxa" proportionate to efforts paid to their research? A scientometric analysis in the Czech Republic - short noteShort Communication
Václav STEJSKAL, Alois HONĚK
Plant Protect. Sci., 2015, 51(4):191-194 | DOI: 10.17221/24/2015-PPS
Taxonomical bias for the intensity of research in natural sciences is well documented but less data exists for crop protection, weed and phytopathology sciences. Here we test a hypothesis predicting a positive relationship between the number of pests recorded in various taxa ("pest-taxa") in the Czech Republic, their economic importance and numbers of persons engaged in research of crop protection, weed, and phytopathology. In contrast, we established an imbalance in the distribution of manpower and the number of pest species. The most counterintuitive result of this study was that the number of scientists was weakly inversely related to the average...
Seed transmissibility of viruses in winter squash landraces collected from the Black Sea region of TurkeyOriginal Paper
Mehmet A. SEVIK, Ahmet BALKAYA
Plant Protect. Sci., 2015, 51(4):195-199 | DOI: 10.17221/6/2015-PPS
The presence of seed-borne viruses in winter squash landraces in the Black Sea region of Turkey were detected. The seed samples of landraces were tested by ELISA for Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), Squash mosaic virus (SqMV), Tobacco ring spot virus (TRSV), and Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV). Based on the ELISA results, 11.3% of the samples were infected with the viruses; ELISA, CMV was found at the rate of 5.1% in the winter squash samples, while incidence of ZYMV was determined as 6.2%. Moreover, none of the plants germinated from seeds were found to be infected...
Bioassay and phylogeny of five Iranian isolates of Cucumber mosaic virus from different hosts based on CP gene sequenceOriginal Paper
Asieh EYVAZI, Akbar DIZADJI, Mina RASTGOU, Mina KOOHI HABIBI
Plant Protect. Sci., 2015, 51(4):200-207 | DOI: 10.17221/80/2014-PPS
Using double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) was detected in 31 out of 132 symptomatic leaf samples collected from different hosts of Urmia province of Iran, during 2011-2012. In biological assays, five different host isolates caused severe mosaic in Nicotiana species and Capsicum annum without significant difference in severity. Based on phylogenetic analysis of coat protein nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence, two isolates were clustered into subgroup IA, while other three isolates were grouped into IB subgroup of CMV. All Urmian isolates shared a common...
Current situation of tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD) in Antalya, TurkeyCase Report
Mine GUL-SEKER, Hamit EKINCI, Ceyhun OZTURK, Ibrahim Ozer ELIBUYUK
Plant Protect. Sci., 2015, 51(4):208-213 | DOI: 10.17221/95/2014-PPS
We studied the distribution of virus/viruses causing tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD) in Antalya and to characterise the partial genome sequences of the selected isolates. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) was only detected by the triple antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (TAS-ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 24 and 80 greenhouses were found to be TYLCV-infected in the spring and autumn cultivations in 2011, respectively. The rate of TYLCV infection was found to be 29% in the spring cultivation and 43.7% in the autumn cultivation. The partial nucleotide sequences of the isolates were also determined.
Efficacy and selectivity of pre-emergent sunflower herbicides under different soil moisture conditionsOriginal Paper
Miroslav JURSÍK, Josef SOUKUP, Josef HOLEC, Jiří ANDR, Kateřina HAMOUZOVÁ
Plant Protect. Sci., 2015, 51(4):214-222 | DOI: 10.17221/82/2014-PPS
We ranked the most frequently used pre-emergent herbicides in sunflower (Helianthus annuus) according to their efficacy and selectivity under different soil moisture conditions within 2008-2011. The efficacy of oxyfluorfen, aclonifen, acetochlor, dimethenamid, and propisochlor on the majority of weeds (Chenopodium album, Echinochloa crus-galli, Amaranthus retroflexus, Mercurialis annua,and Solanum physalifolium) was only slightly affected by the soil moisture and these herbicides can be used in arid and semiarid regions. The efficacy of linuron, prosulfocarb, and pethoxamid was strongly affected...
Management of maize stand height using growth regulatorsOriginal Paper
Tomáš SPITZER, Petr MÍŠA, Jan BÍLOVSKÝ, Jan KAZDA
Plant Protect. Sci., 2015, 51(4):223-230 | DOI: 10.17221/105/2014-PPS
Effect in reducing maize plant height using growth regulators ethephon, chlormequat chloride (CCC), CCC + ethephon, and mepiquat chloride + prohexadione-Ca was studied in field experiments during 2010 and 2011. It was found that maize plant height could be reduced by as much as 125 cm (49% of control) using a double application of ethephon (576 g a.i./ha) at growth stages BBCH 18-19 and BBCH 34-36. The other growth regulators displayed weak or no influence. An optimum level of shortening was achieved using ethephon (576 g a.i./ha) at BBCH 34-36 (reducing plant height by 40-90 cm), but it is necessary to count upon yield loss of 0.5-0.6 t/ha.