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Economic Restructuring and Socialist Construction in China: 1950-1978

Abdol Soofi

Economia Internazionale / International Economics, 2021, vol. 74, issue 2, 141-172

Abstract: This paper deals with economic policies, development, and the restructuring of China’s economy during the 1953-1978. It reviews problems of misallocation of resources in the heavy, light, and agricultural industries, which led to the adoption of the economic restructuring policy of Four Modernizations: agriculture, industry, national defense and science, and technology. However, in the early 1960s, the planners realized prioritizing investment in heavy industries, at the expense of the light industries and agriculture had created the problem of sectoral imbalances, which were caused by the deviations of prices from the values of commodities. Imbalances among the economic sectors in China in the 1960s and 1970s led to shortages of consumer goods, and surpluses of capital and intermediate goods. Several leading Party economic theoreticians theorized that price controls, production quotas, and administrative control of enterprises broke the links between the production and circulation spheres of commodities, which caused a failure of the law of value. Ristrutturazione economica e ricostruzione socialista in Cina nel periodo 1950-1978 Questo articolo analizza le politiche economiche, lo sviluppo e la ristrutturazione dell’economia cinese negli anni 1953-1978. Viene rivisitata l’errata allocazione delle risorse nell’industria pesante e leggera e in agricoltura, che portò all’adozione della politica di ristrutturazione economica delle Quattro Modernizzazioni: agricoltura, industria, difesa nazionale, scienza e tecnologia. Però nei primi anni sessanta furono realizzati forti investimenti nell’industria pesante a discapito di quella leggera e nel settore agricolo si sono verificati problemi di squilibri settoriali. Gli squilibri all’interno dei vari settori in Cina hanno portato scarsità di beni di consumo e surplus di capitali e di beni intermedi. Molti teorizzatori economici del partito leader ipotizzavano che il controllo dei prezzi, delle quote di produzione e il controllo amministrativo dell’impresa spezzasse il legame tra la produzione e la circolazione dei beni, fatto che causò il fallimento della legge del valore.

Keywords: Economic Restructuring; the Law of Value; China’s Central Economic Planning; Economic Reforms (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: N15 O53 P11 P21 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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