Performance Feedback and Firm Risk Taking: The Moderating Effects of CEO and Outside Director Stock Options

Elizabeth N. K. Lim () and Brian T. McCann ()
Additional contact information
Elizabeth N. K. Lim: Department of Managerial Sciences, J. Mack Robinson College of Business, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302
Brian T. McCann: Owen Graduate School of Management, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37203

Organization Science, 2014, vol. 25, issue 1, 262-282

Abstract: We contribute to the behavioral theory of the firm and the behavioral agency model by developing a theoretical framework that predicts the differential interaction effects of performance feedback and values of stock option grants of multiple agents on firm risk taking. We explain how chief executive officers (CEOs) versus outside directors awarded with stock option grants perceive negative or positive deviations from prior performance. We argue that in a negative attainment discrepancy context, high values of option grants will increase the risk aversion of CEOs who already bear excessive employment and compensation risks, resulting in less risk taking; however, it will enhance the risk-taking propensity of influential outside directors who increase monitoring and support for risky projects because their risk preferences are better aligned with those of shareholders. In a positive attainment discrepancy context, high values of option grants will amplify risk aversion in both CEOs and outside directors who perceive risky strategies as potential threats to anticipated incentive values associated with a gain domain, thereby reducing risk-taking activities. Analysis of panel data from 1992 to 2006 on the research and development spending of U.S. manufacturing firms based on Arellano–Bond dynamic panel regression reveals findings largely consistent with our predictions.

Keywords: CEOs; outside directors; stock option grants; performance feedback; firm risk taking; behavioral theory (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2014
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (23)

Downloads: (external link)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2013.0830 (application/pdf)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:inm:ororsc:v:25:y:2014:i:1:p:262-282

Access Statistics for this article

More articles in Organization Science from INFORMS Contact information at EDIRC.
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Chris Asher ().