A model for ordinal responses with an application to policy interest rate

No 148, NBP Working Papers from Narodowy Bank Polski

Abstract: The decisions to reduce, leave unchanged, or increase (the price, rating, policy interest rate, etc.) are often characterized by abundant no-change outcomes that are generated by di¤erent processes. Moreover, the positive and negative responses can also be driven by distinct forces. To capture the unobserved heterogeneity this paper develops a two- stage cross-nested model, combining three ordered probit equations. In the policy rate setting context, the …rst stage, a policy inclination decision, determines a latent policy stance (loose, neutral or tight), whereas the two latent amount decisions, conditional on a loose or tight stance, …ne-tune the rate at the second stage. The model allows for the possible correlation among the three latent decisions. This approach identi…es the driving factors and probabilities of three types of zeros: the ”neutral” zeros, generated directly by the neutral policy stance, and two kinds of ”o¤set” zeros, the ”loose” and ”tight” zeros, generated by the loose or tight stance, o¤set at the second stage. Monte Carlo experiments show good performance in small samples. Both the simulations and empirical applications to the panel data on individual policymakers’ votes for the interest rate demonstrate the superiority with respect to the conventional and two-part models. Only a quarter of observed zeros appears to be generated by the neutral policy stance, suggesting a high degree of deliberate interest-rate smoothing by the central bank.

Keywords: ordinal responses; zero-in‡ated outcomes; three-part model; cross- nested model; policy interest rate; MPC votes; real-time data; panel data. (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C33 C35 E52 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 69
Date: 2013
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-cba, nep-dcm and nep-ecm
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (7)

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Working Paper: A model for ordinal responses with an application to policy interest rate (2012)
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:nbp:nbpmis:148

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