More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/

research-article

Linux block IO: introducing multi-queue SSD access on multi-core systems

Authors:

Matias Bjørling,

Philippe BonnetAuthors Info & Claims

SYSTOR '13: Proceedings of the 6th International Systems and Storage Conference

Article No.: 22, Pages 1 - 10

https://doi.org/10.1145/2485732.2485740

Published: 30 June 2013 Publication History

Abstract

The IO performance of storage devices has accelerated from hundreds of IOPS five years ago, to hundreds of thousands of IOPS today, and tens of millions of IOPS projected in five years. This sharp evolution is primarily due to the introduction of NAND-flash devices and their data parallel design. In this work, we demonstrate that the block layer within the operating system, originally designed to handle thousands of IOPS, has become a bottleneck to overall storage system performance, specially on the high NUMA-factor processors systems that are becoming commonplace. We describe the design of a next generation block layer that is capable of handling tens of millions of IOPS on a multi-core system equipped with a single storage device. Our experiments show that our design scales graciously with the number of cores, even on NUMA systems with multiple sockets.

References

[1]

Improving network performance in multi-core systems. Intel Corporation, 2007.

[2]

J. Axboe. Linux Block IO present and future. Ottawa Linux Symposium, 2004.

[3]

A. Baumann, P. Barham, P.-E. Dagand, T. Harris, R. Isaacs, S. Peter, T. Roscoe, A. Schupbach, and S. Akhilesh. The multikernel: a new OS architecture for scalable multicore systems. Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, 2009.

Digital Library

[4]

M. Bjørling, P. Bonnet, L. Bouganim, and N. Dayan. The necessary death of the block device interface. In Conference on Innovative Data Systems Research, 2013.

[5]

S. Boyd-wickizer, A. T. Clements, Y. Mao, A. Pesterev, M. F. Kaashoek, R. Morris, and N. Zeldovich. An Analysis of Linux Scalability to Many Cores. Operating Systems Design and Implementation, 2010.

Digital Library

[6]

G. W. Burr, M. J. Breitwisch, M. Franceschini, D. Garetto, K. Gopalakrishnan, B. Jackson, C. Lam, and A. Luis. Phase change memory technology. Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B, 28(2):223--262, 2010.

[7]

A. M. Caulfield, A. De, J. Coburn, T. I. Mollov, R. K. Gupta, and S. Swanson. Moneta: A high-performance storage array architecture for next-generation, non-volatile memories. In Proceedings of The 43rd Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture, 2010.

Digital Library

[8]

A. M. Caulfield, T. I. Mollov, L. A. Eisner, A. De, J. Coburn, and S. Swanson. Providing safe, user space access to fast, solid state disks. SIGARCH Comput. Archit. News, 40(1):387--400, Mar. 2012.

Digital Library

[9]

S. Cho, C. Park, H. Oh, S. Kim, Y. Y. Yi, and G. Ganger. Active Disk Meets Flash: A Case for Intelligent SSDs. Technical Report CMU-PDL-11-115, 2011.

[10]

Completely Fair Queueing (CFQ) Scheduler. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CFQ.

[11]

J. Condit, E. B. Nightingale, C. Frost, E. Ipek, B. Lee, D. Burger, and D. Coetzee. Better I/O through byte-addressable, persistent memory. Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, page 133, 2009.

Digital Library

[12]

Deadline IO Scheduler. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deadline_scheduler.

[13]

M. Dunn and A. L. N. Reddy. A new I/O scheduler for solid state devices. Texas A&M University, 2010.

[14]

fio. http://freecode.com/projects/fio.

[15]

P. Foglia, C. A. Prete, M. Solinas, and F. Panicucci. Investigating design tradeoffs in S-NUCA based CMP systems. UCAS, 2009.

[16]

Fusion-io ioDrive2. http://www.fusionio.com/.

[17]

L. M. Grupp, J. D. David, and S. Swanson. The Bleak Future of NAND Flash Memory. USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies, 2012.

Digital Library

[18]

A. Huffman. NVM Express, Revision 1.0c. Intel Corporation, 2012.

[19]

J. Kim, Y. Oh, E. Kim, J. Choi, D. Lee, and S. H. Noh. Disk Schedulers for Solid State Drives. In EMSOFTâĂ&Zacute;09: 7th ACM Conf. on Embedded Software, pages 295--304, 2009.

Digital Library

[20]

F. Liu, X. Jiang, and Y. Solihin. Understanding How Off-Chip Memory Bandwidth Partitioning in Chip Multiprocessors Affects System Performance. High Performance Computer Architecture, 2009.

[21]

S. Mangold, S. Choi, P. May, O. Klein, G. Hiertz, and L. Stibor. 802.11e Wireless LAN for Quality of Service. IEEE, 2012.

[22]

J. Nieplocha, R. J. Harrison, and R. J. Littlefield. Global Arrays: A Non-Uniform-Memory-Access Programming Model For High-Performance Computers. The Journal of Supercomputing, 1996.

Digital Library

[23]

S. Park and K. Shen. FIOS: A Fair, Efficient Flash I/O Scheduler. In USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies, 2010.

Digital Library

[24]

J. Parkhurst, J. Darringer, and B. Grundmann. From single core to multi-core: preparing for a new exponential. In Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design, 2006.

Digital Library

[25]

PCI-SIG. PCI Express Specification Revision 3.0. Technical report, 2012.

[26]

L. Soares and M. Stumm. Flexsc: Flexible system call scheduling with exception-less system calls. In Proceedings of the 9th USENIX conference on Operating systems design and implementation, 2010.

Digital Library

[27]

H. Sutter. The free lunch is over: A fundamental turn toward concurrency in software. Dr. Dobb's Journal, 30(3):202--210, 2005.

[28]

V. Vasudevan, M. Kaminsky, and D. G. Andersen. Using vector interfaces to deliver millions of iops from a networked key-value storage server. In Proceedings of the Third ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing, 2012.

Digital Library

[29]

B. Verghese, S. Devine, A. Gupta, and M. Rosenblum. Operating System Support for Improving Data Locality on CC-NUMA Compute Servers. In International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, 1996.

Digital Library

[30]

J. Weinberg. Quantifying Locality In The Memory Access Patterns of HPC Applications. PhD thesis, 2005.

[31]

J. Yang, D. B. Minturn, and F. Hady. When Poll is Better than Interrupt. In USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies, 2012.

Digital Library

Cited By

Jiang QWang CBalzarotti DXu W(2024)Sync+SyncProceedings of the 33rd USENIX Conference on Security Symposium10.5555/3698900.3699088(3349-3366)Online publication date: 14-Aug-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/3698900.3699088
Peng LAn YZhou YWang CLi QCheng CZhang JBagchi SZhang Y(2024)ScalaCacheProceedings of the 2024 USENIX Conference on Usenix Annual Technical Conference10.5555/3691992.3692064(1185-1202)Online publication date: 10-Jul-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/3691992.3692064
Joshi KGupta AGonz´lez JKumar AReddy KGeorge ALund SAxboe JMa XWon Y(2024)I/O PassthruProceedings of the 22nd USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies10.5555/3650697.3650704(107-122)Online publication date: 27-Feb-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/3650697.3650704
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

Linux block IO: introducing multi-queue SSD access on multi-core systems
1. General and reference
  1. Cross-computing tools and techniques
    1. Measurement
2. Software and its engineering
  1. Software organization and properties
    1. Contextual software domains
      1. Operating systems
        Memory management
        Secondary storage

Recommendations

OnionDisk: A Log-Structured Write-Optimal Virtual Block Device
APSys '24: Proceedings of the 15th ACM SIGOPS Asia-Pacific Workshop on Systems

The random write performance is critical for a wide range of applications in the cloud. To accelerate such applications, researchers have proposed to realize a log structure in the file system (e.g., F2FS) to support out-of-place updates, so that random ...
Optimizing file systems for fast storage devices
SYSTOR '15: Proceedings of the 8th ACM International Systems and Storage Conference

Emerging high-performance storage devices have attractive features such as low latency and high throughput. This leads to a rapid increase in the demand for fast storage devices in cloud platforms, social network services, etc. However, there are few ...
Using Working Set Reorganization to Manage Storage Systems with Hard and Solid State Disks
ICPPW '14: Proceedings of the 2014 43rd International Conference on Parallel Processing Workshops

Scientific applications from many problem domains produce and/or access large volumes of data. To support these applications, designers of high-end computing (HEC) systems have greatly increased the capacity of storage systems in recent years. However, ...

Comments

Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences

SYSTOR '13: Proceedings of the 6th International Systems and Storage Conference

June 2013

198 pages

ISBN:9781450321167

DOI:10.1145/2485732

General Chair:
Ronen Kat
IBM Research
,
Program Chairs:
Mary Baker
HP Labs
,
Sivan Toledo
Tel Aviv University

Copyright © 2013 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Sponsors

INTEL: Intel Corporation
Riverbed: Riverbed
NetApp
Technion: Israel Institute of Technology
Google Inc.
SAP
SIGOPS: ACM Special Interest Group on Operating Systems
EMC<sup>2</sup>: EMC<sup>2</sup>
AXCIENT: AXCIENT
USENIX Assoc: USENIX Assoc
IBM: IBM
HP: HP

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 30 June 2013

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article

Conference

SYSTOR '13

Sponsor:

INTEL
Riverbed
Technion
SIGOPS
EMC<sup>2</sup>
AXCIENT
USENIX Assoc
IBM
HP

SYSTOR '13: 6th Annual International Systems and Storage Conference

June 30 - July 2, 2013

Haifa, Israel

Acceptance Rates

SYSTOR '13 Paper Acceptance Rate 20 of 49 submissions, 41%;

Overall Acceptance Rate 108 of 323 submissions, 33%

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

156
Total Citations
View Citations
1,814
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)157
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)11

Reflects downloads up to 05 Jan 2025

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Jiang QWang CBalzarotti DXu W(2024)Sync+SyncProceedings of the 33rd USENIX Conference on Security Symposium10.5555/3698900.3699088(3349-3366)Online publication date: 14-Aug-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/3698900.3699088
Peng LAn YZhou YWang CLi QCheng CZhang JBagchi SZhang Y(2024)ScalaCacheProceedings of the 2024 USENIX Conference on Usenix Annual Technical Conference10.5555/3691992.3692064(1185-1202)Online publication date: 10-Jul-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/3691992.3692064
Joshi KGupta AGonz´lez JKumar AReddy KGeorge ALund SAxboe JMa XWon Y(2024)I/O PassthruProceedings of the 22nd USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies10.5555/3650697.3650704(107-122)Online publication date: 27-Feb-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/3650697.3650704
Yi SSun SPeng LSun YYang MCao ZLi QJung MZhou KZhang JWitchel EArpaci-Dusseau ARossbach CKeeton K(2024)BIZA: Design of Self-Governing Block-Interface ZNS AFA for Endurance and PerformanceProceedings of the ACM SIGOPS 30th Symposium on Operating Systems Principles10.1145/3694715.3695953(313-329)Online publication date: 4-Nov-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3694715.3695953
Jeong DChoi YLee BShin IKwon YWitchel EArpaci-Dusseau ARossbach CKeeton K(2024)OZZ: Identifying Kernel Out-of-Order Concurrency Bugs with In-Vivo Memory Access ReorderingProceedings of the ACM SIGOPS 30th Symposium on Operating Systems Principles10.1145/3694715.3695944(229-248)Online publication date: 4-Nov-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3694715.3695944
Raaf PBrinkmann ABorba EAsadi HNarasimhamurthy SBent JEl-Batal MSalkhordeh R(2024)From SSDs Back to HDDs: Optimizing VDO to Support Inline Deduplication and Compression for HDDs as Primary Storage MediaACM Transactions on Storage10.1145/367825020:4(1-28)Online publication date: 23-Jul-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3678250
Zhou YZhou JLu KZhan LXu PWu PChen SLiu XWan J(2024)A Contract-aware and Cost-effective LSM Store for Cloud Storage with Low Latency SpikesACM Transactions on Storage10.1145/364385120:2(1-27)Online publication date: 20-Feb-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3643851
Tehrany NDoekemeijer KTrivedi AIbrahim SByna SZhou A(2024)zns-tools: An eBPF-powered, Cross-Layer Storage Profiling Tool for NVMe ZNS SSDsProceedings of the 4th Workshop on Challenges and Opportunities of Efficient and Performant Storage Systems10.1145/3642963.3652205(23-32)Online publication date: 22-Apr-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3642963.3652205
Pham KCho SLee SNguyen LYeo HJeong ILee SKim NSon Y(2024)ScaleCache: A Scalable Page Cache for Multiple Solid-State DrivesProceedings of the Nineteenth European Conference on Computer Systems10.1145/3627703.3629588(641-656)Online publication date: 22-Apr-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3627703.3629588
Zhang YZhang HCao WHe XPark DChoi JPark STsafrir DMusuvathi MGupta RAbu-Ghazaleh N(2024)LazyBarrier: Reconstructing Android IO Stack for Barrier-Enabled Flash StorageProceedings of the 29th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 210.1145/3620665.3640370(601-615)Online publication date: 27-Apr-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3620665.3640370
Show More Cited By

View Options

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Publication

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Table of Contents