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An Analysis of the Privacy and Security Risks of Android VPN Permission-enabled Apps

Authors:

Muhammad Ikram,

Narseo Vallina-Rodriguez,

Suranga Seneviratne,

Mohamed Ali Kaafar,

Vern PaxsonAuthors Info & Claims

IMC '16: Proceedings of the 2016 Internet Measurement Conference

Pages 349 - 364

https://doi.org/10.1145/2987443.2987471

Published: 14 November 2016 Publication History

Abstract

Millions of users worldwide resort to mobile VPN clients to either circumvent censorship or to access geo-blocked content, and more generally for privacy and security purposes. In practice, however, users have little if any guarantees about the corresponding security and privacy settings, and perhaps no practical knowledge about the entities accessing their mobile traffic.

In this paper we provide a first comprehensive analysis of 283 Android apps that use the Android VPN permission, which we extracted from a corpus of more than 1.4 million apps on the Google Play store. We perform a number of passive and active measurements designed to investigate a wide range of security and privacy features and to study the behavior of each VPN-based app. Our analysis includes investigation of possible malware presence, third-party library embedding, and traffic manipulation, as well as gauging user perception of the security and privacy of such apps. Our experiments reveal several instances of VPN apps that expose users to serious privacy and security vulnerabilities, such as use of insecure VPN tunneling protocols, as well as IPv6 and DNS traffic leakage. We also report on a number of apps actively performing TLS interception. Of particular concern are instances of apps that inject JavaScript programs for tracking, advertising, and for redirecting e-commerce traffic to external partners.

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Cited By

Zohaib SSajjad SIqbal ZYousaf MHaseeb MMuhammad Z(2024)Zero Trust VPN (ZT-VPN): A Systematic Literature Review and Cybersecurity Framework for Hybrid and Remote WorkInformation10.3390/info1511073415:11(734)Online publication date: 17-Nov-2024
https://doi.org/10.3390/info15110734
Watanabe TShioji EAkiyama MMori T(2024)Understanding the Breakdown of Same-origin Policies in Web Services That Rehost WebsitesJournal of Information Processing10.2197/ipsjjip.32.80132(801-816)Online publication date: 2024
https://doi.org/10.2197/ipsjjip.32.801
Wang YFan MZhou HWang HJin WLi JChen WLi SZhang YHan DLiu TFilkov VRay BZhou M(2024)MiniChecker: Detecting Data Privacy Risk of Abusive Permission Request Behavior in Mini-ProgramsProceedings of the 39th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering10.1145/3691620.3695534(1667-1679)Online publication date: 27-Oct-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3691620.3695534
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Index Terms

An Analysis of the Privacy and Security Risks of Android VPN Permission-enabled Apps
1. Networks
  1. Network properties
    1. Network security
      1. Mobile and wireless security
      2. Security protocols
2. Security and privacy
  1. Human and societal aspects of security and privacy
    1. Privacy protections
  2. Security services
    1. Privacy-preserving protocols
    2. Pseudonymity, anonymity and untraceability

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Published In

cover image ACM Conferences

IMC '16: Proceedings of the 2016 Internet Measurement Conference

November 2016

570 pages

ISBN:9781450345262

DOI:10.1145/2987443

General Chairs:
Phillipa Gill
University of Massachusetts--Amherst
,
John Heidemann
USC/ISI
,
Program Chairs:
John W. Byers
Boston University
,
Ramesh Govindan
USC

Copyright © 2016 ACM.

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Published: 14 November 2016

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IMC 2016: Internet Measurement Conference

November 14 - 16, 2016

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https://doi.org/10.3390/info15110734
Watanabe TShioji EAkiyama MMori T(2024)Understanding the Breakdown of Same-origin Policies in Web Services That Rehost WebsitesJournal of Information Processing10.2197/ipsjjip.32.80132(801-816)Online publication date: 2024
https://doi.org/10.2197/ipsjjip.32.801
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