Software Diversity as a Defense against Viral Propagation: Models and Simulations

The use of software diversity has often been discussed in the research literature as an effectivemeans to break up the software monoculture present on the Internet and to thus prevent malcode propagation. However, there have been no quantitative studies that examine the effectiveness of software diversity on viral propagation. In this paper, we study both real (an IPv6 BGP topology) and synthetically generated (an Erdős-Rényi random graph) network topologies and employ a popular metric called the epidemic threshold to measure resistance to viral propagation in the presence of software diversity. We show that one can increase the epidemic threshold of a network even with a naïve, random distribution of diverse software on the nodes of a network. We also show that an algorithm-driven diversity assignment further increases the epidemic threshold. These results confirm the value of strategic topology-sensitive assignment of diversity to improving the tolerance of a network tomalcode propagation.