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Browse CD28

Summary
SymbolCD28
NameCD28 molecule
Aliases T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein; CD28 antigen (Tp44); Tp44; CD28 antigen; CD antigen CD28; T-cell-speci ......
Chromosomal Location2q33
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Basic function annotation.
> Subcellular Location, Domain and Function
> Gene Ontology
> KEGG and Reactome Pathway
> Subcellular Location, Domain and Function
 
Subcellular Location Membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Isoform 3: Cell surface
Domain PF15910 ICOS V-set domain
Function

Involved in T-cell activation, the induction of cell proliferation and cytokine production and promotion of T-cell survival. Enhances the production of IL4 and IL10 in T-cells in conjunction with TCR/CD3 ligation and CD40L costimulation (PubMed:8617933). Isoform 3 enhances CD40L-mediated activation of NF-kappa-B and kinases MAPK8 and PAK2 in T-cells (PubMed:15067037).

> Gene Ontology
 
Biological Process GO:0000018 regulation of DNA recombination
GO:0001819 positive regulation of cytokine production
GO:0002200 somatic diversification of immune receptors
GO:0002204 somatic recombination of immunoglobulin genes involved in immune response
GO:0002208 somatic diversification of immunoglobulins involved in immune response
GO:0002250 adaptive immune response
GO:0002263 cell activation involved in immune response
GO:0002285 lymphocyte activation involved in immune response
GO:0002312 B cell activation involved in immune response
GO:0002366 leukocyte activation involved in immune response
GO:0002377 immunoglobulin production
GO:0002381 immunoglobulin production involved in immunoglobulin mediated immune response
GO:0002429 immune response-activating cell surface receptor signaling pathway
GO:0002437 inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
GO:0002440 production of molecular mediator of immune response
GO:0002443 leukocyte mediated immunity
GO:0002449 lymphocyte mediated immunity
GO:0002460 adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains
GO:0002521 leukocyte differentiation
GO:0002562 somatic diversification of immune receptors via germline recombination within a single locus
GO:0002637 regulation of immunoglobulin production
GO:0002639 positive regulation of immunoglobulin production
GO:0002694 regulation of leukocyte activation
GO:0002696 positive regulation of leukocyte activation
GO:0002697 regulation of immune effector process
GO:0002699 positive regulation of immune effector process
GO:0002700 regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response
GO:0002702 positive regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response
GO:0002703 regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity
GO:0002705 positive regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity
GO:0002706 regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity
GO:0002708 positive regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity
GO:0002712 regulation of B cell mediated immunity
GO:0002714 positive regulation of B cell mediated immunity
GO:0002757 immune response-activating signal transduction
GO:0002764 immune response-regulating signaling pathway
GO:0002768 immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signaling pathway
GO:0002819 regulation of adaptive immune response
GO:0002821 positive regulation of adaptive immune response
GO:0002822 regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains
GO:0002824 positive regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains
GO:0002831 regulation of response to biotic stimulus
GO:0002861 regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
GO:0002863 positive regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
GO:0002889 regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response
GO:0002891 positive regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response
GO:0006310 DNA recombination
GO:0006417 regulation of translation
GO:0006644 phospholipid metabolic process
GO:0006650 glycerophospholipid metabolic process
GO:0006959 humoral immune response
GO:0007067 mitotic nuclear division
GO:0007088 regulation of mitotic nuclear division
GO:0007159 leukocyte cell-cell adhesion
GO:0007346 regulation of mitotic cell cycle
GO:0009615 response to virus
GO:0010608 posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression
GO:0014065 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling
GO:0014066 regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling
GO:0014068 positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling
GO:0016064 immunoglobulin mediated immune response
GO:0016444 somatic cell DNA recombination
GO:0016445 somatic diversification of immunoglobulins
GO:0016447 somatic recombination of immunoglobulin gene segments
GO:0019058 viral life cycle
GO:0019079 viral genome replication
GO:0019724 B cell mediated immunity
GO:0022407 regulation of cell-cell adhesion
GO:0022409 positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion
GO:0030098 lymphocyte differentiation
GO:0030217 T cell differentiation
GO:0030258 lipid modification
GO:0031294 lymphocyte costimulation
GO:0031295 T cell costimulation
GO:0031349 positive regulation of defense response
GO:0032103 positive regulation of response to external stimulus
GO:0032613 interleukin-10 production
GO:0032623 interleukin-2 production
GO:0032633 interleukin-4 production
GO:0032653 regulation of interleukin-10 production
GO:0032663 regulation of interleukin-2 production
GO:0032673 regulation of interleukin-4 production
GO:0032733 positive regulation of interleukin-10 production
GO:0032743 positive regulation of interleukin-2 production
GO:0032753 positive regulation of interleukin-4 production
GO:0032943 mononuclear cell proliferation
GO:0032944 regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation
GO:0032946 positive regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation
GO:0033077 T cell differentiation in thymus
GO:0034248 regulation of cellular amide metabolic process
GO:0034250 positive regulation of cellular amide metabolic process
GO:0042035 regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process
GO:0042089 cytokine biosynthetic process
GO:0042094 interleukin-2 biosynthetic process
GO:0042098 T cell proliferation
GO:0042102 positive regulation of T cell proliferation
GO:0042107 cytokine metabolic process
GO:0042108 positive regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process
GO:0042110 T cell activation
GO:0042113 B cell activation
GO:0042129 regulation of T cell proliferation
GO:0043383 negative T cell selection
GO:0043491 protein kinase B signaling
GO:0043900 regulation of multi-organism process
GO:0043902 positive regulation of multi-organism process
GO:0043903 regulation of symbiosis, encompassing mutualism through parasitism
GO:0045058 T cell selection
GO:0045060 negative thymic T cell selection
GO:0045061 thymic T cell selection
GO:0045066 regulatory T cell differentiation
GO:0045069 regulation of viral genome replication
GO:0045070 positive regulation of viral genome replication
GO:0045076 regulation of interleukin-2 biosynthetic process
GO:0045086 positive regulation of interleukin-2 biosynthetic process
GO:0045190 isotype switching
GO:0045191 regulation of isotype switching
GO:0045580 regulation of T cell differentiation
GO:0045589 regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation
GO:0045619 regulation of lymphocyte differentiation
GO:0045727 positive regulation of translation
GO:0045785 positive regulation of cell adhesion
GO:0045787 positive regulation of cell cycle
GO:0045830 positive regulation of isotype switching
GO:0045840 positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division
GO:0045911 positive regulation of DNA recombination
GO:0045931 positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle
GO:0046486 glycerolipid metabolic process
GO:0046488 phosphatidylinositol metabolic process
GO:0046631 alpha-beta T cell activation
GO:0046633 alpha-beta T cell proliferation
GO:0046634 regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation
GO:0046635 positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation
GO:0046640 regulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation
GO:0046641 positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation
GO:0046651 lymphocyte proliferation
GO:0046834 lipid phosphorylation
GO:0046854 phosphatidylinositol phosphorylation
GO:0048015 phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling
GO:0048017 inositol lipid-mediated signaling
GO:0048291 isotype switching to IgG isotypes
GO:0048302 regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes
GO:0048304 positive regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes
GO:0048524 positive regulation of viral process
GO:0050670 regulation of lymphocyte proliferation
GO:0050671 positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation
GO:0050688 regulation of defense response to virus
GO:0050690 regulation of defense response to virus by virus
GO:0050727 regulation of inflammatory response
GO:0050729 positive regulation of inflammatory response
GO:0050792 regulation of viral process
GO:0050851 antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway
GO:0050852 T cell receptor signaling pathway
GO:0050863 regulation of T cell activation
GO:0050864 regulation of B cell activation
GO:0050865 regulation of cell activation
GO:0050867 positive regulation of cell activation
GO:0050870 positive regulation of T cell activation
GO:0050871 positive regulation of B cell activation
GO:0051052 regulation of DNA metabolic process
GO:0051054 positive regulation of DNA metabolic process
GO:0051249 regulation of lymphocyte activation
GO:0051251 positive regulation of lymphocyte activation
GO:0051607 defense response to virus
GO:0051783 regulation of nuclear division
GO:0051785 positive regulation of nuclear division
GO:0051896 regulation of protein kinase B signaling
GO:0051897 positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling
GO:0070486 leukocyte aggregation
GO:0070489 T cell aggregation
GO:0070661 leukocyte proliferation
GO:0070663 regulation of leukocyte proliferation
GO:0070665 positive regulation of leukocyte proliferation
GO:0071593 lymphocyte aggregation
GO:0071594 thymocyte aggregation
GO:0090068 positive regulation of cell cycle process
GO:0098542 defense response to other organism
GO:1902105 regulation of leukocyte differentiation
GO:1903037 regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion
GO:1903039 positive regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion
GO:1903706 regulation of hemopoiesis
GO:1903900 regulation of viral life cycle
GO:1903902 positive regulation of viral life cycle
Molecular Function GO:0002020 protease binding
GO:0005070 SH3/SH2 adaptor activity
GO:0015026 coreceptor activity
GO:0030674 protein binding, bridging
GO:0035004 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity
GO:0035591 signaling adaptor activity
GO:0046934 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase activity
GO:0052813 phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate kinase activity
GO:0060090 binding, bridging
Cellular Component GO:0001772 immunological synapse
GO:0009897 external side of plasma membrane
GO:0098552 side of membrane
GO:0098636 protein complex involved in cell adhesion
> KEGG and Reactome Pathway
 
KEGG hsa04514 Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)
hsa04660 T cell receptor signaling pathway
hsa04672 Intestinal immune network for IgA production
Reactome R-HSA-1280218: Adaptive Immune System
R-HSA-389356: CD28 co-stimulation
R-HSA-389357: CD28 dependent PI3K/Akt signaling
R-HSA-389359: CD28 dependent Vav1 pathway
R-HSA-2219530: Constitutive Signaling by Aberrant PI3K in Cancer
R-HSA-388841: Costimulation by the CD28 family
R-HSA-2172127: DAP12 interactions
R-HSA-2424491: DAP12 signaling
R-HSA-1643685: Disease
R-HSA-5663202: Diseases of signal transduction
R-HSA-186763: Downstream signal transduction
R-HSA-1168372: Downstream signaling events of B Cell Receptor (BCR)
R-HSA-2454202: Fc epsilon receptor (FCERI) signaling
R-HSA-180292: GAB1 signalosome
R-HSA-162906: HIV Infection
R-HSA-162909: Host Interactions of HIV factors
R-HSA-168256: Immune System
R-HSA-5663205: Infectious disease
R-HSA-168249: Innate Immune System
R-HSA-187037: NGF signalling via TRKA from the plasma membrane
R-HSA-164939: Nef mediated downregulation of CD28 cell surface expression
R-HSA-164938: Nef-mediates down modulation of cell surface receptors by recruiting them to clathrin adapters
R-HSA-199418: Negative regulation of the PI3K/AKT network
R-HSA-2219528: PI3K/AKT Signaling in Cancer
R-HSA-198203: PI3K/AKT activation
R-HSA-6811558: PI5P, PP2A and IER3 Regulate PI3K/AKT Signaling
R-HSA-1257604: PIP3 activates AKT signaling
R-HSA-2730905: Role of LAT2/NTAL/LAB on calcium mobilization
R-HSA-162582: Signal Transduction
R-HSA-177929: Signaling by EGFR
R-HSA-186797: Signaling by PDGF
R-HSA-1433557: Signaling by SCF-KIT
R-HSA-983705: Signaling by the B Cell Receptor (BCR)
R-HSA-166520: Signalling by NGF
R-HSA-164952: The role of Nef in HIV-1 replication and disease pathogenesis
Summary
SymbolCD28
NameCD28 molecule
Aliases T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein; CD28 antigen (Tp44); Tp44; CD28 antigen; CD antigen CD28; T-cell-speci ......
Chromosomal Location2q33
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Literatures that report relations between CD28 and anti-tumor immunity. The specific mechanism were also collected if the literature reports that a gene specifically promotes or inhibits the infiltration or function of T/NK cells.
> Text Mining
 
  Literatures describing the relation between CD28 and anti-tumor immunity in human cancer.
PMID Cancer type Relation to immunity Evidence sentences
28280249Lung CarcinomaPromote immunity (T cell function); Essential for immunotherapyHere, we demonstrate that the CD28/B7 costimulatory pathway is essential for effective PD-1 therapy during chronic viral infection. Conditional gene deletion showed a cell-intrinsic requirement of CD28 for CD8 T cell proliferation after PD-1 blockade. B7-costimulation was also necessary for effective PD-1 therapy in tumor-bearing mice. In addition, we found that CD8 T cells proliferating in blood after PD-1 therapy of lung cancer patients were predominantly CD28-positive.
26105028Pancreatic CarcinomaPromote immunity (T cell function)Transduction of the PD-1-CD28 receptor constructs mediated enhanced cytokine release, T cell proliferation, and T cell-induced lysis of target tumor cells.
18337305Cervical carcinomaPromote immunity (T cell function)New approach reveals CD28 and IFNG gene interaction in the susceptibility to cervical cancer. Voigt et al. reported that, in CD28-deficient mice, IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T cells were not only reduced in number, but were also less potent in lysing their respective target cells. It is also known that regulation of the NFκB transcription family in T cells involves signaling through CD28.
19318495MelanomaPromote immunity (T cell function; NK cell function)Furthermore, fibroblasts expressing CD3L and CD86 suppressed the growth of neighboring B16 cancer cells in vivo, and direct intratumoral injection of adenoviral vectors expressing CD3L and CD86 or CD3L and a membrane-tethered anti-CD28 antibody significantly suppressed the growth of subcutaneous tumors.
27549124Sarcoma; NeuroblastomaPromote immunity (T cell function); essential for immunotherapyT cells engineered to express a third-generation GD2-CAR incorporating the 14g2a-scFv with the CD28, OX40, and CD3ζ signaling domains (14g2a.CD28.OX40.ζ) mediated efficient and comparable lysis of both GD2+ sarcoma and neuroblastoma cell lines in vitro
25049283neuroblastomaPromote immunity (T cell function); essential for immunotherapyImportantly, expression of both CD28 and 4-1BB endodomains in the CAR.GD2 enhanced in vivo persistence of NKT cells.
24986688melanomaPromote immunityWhen transferred into mice with established tumors, TH17 cells that were redirected with ICOS-based CARs mediated efficient antitumor responses and showed enhanced persistence compared with CD28- or 4-1BB-based CAR T cells.
29661826melanomaPromote immunity (T cell function); essential for immunotherapyAccordingly, although deletion of either CnB or CD28 strongly impairs Treg-mediated tumor tolerance, lack of CnB has an even more pronounced impact than lack of CD28.
24030378Acute Myeloid LeukemiaPromote immunityTherefore, we developed 2 chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) containing a CD123-specific single-chain variable fragment, in combination with a CD28 costimulatory domain and CD3-ζ signaling domain, targeting different epitopes on CD123.
24030378Acute Myeloid LeukemiaPromote immunityTherefore, we developed 2 chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) containing a CD123-specific single-chain variable fragment, in combination with a CD28 costimulatory domain and CD3-ζ signaling domain, targeting different epitopes on CD123.
24016461Acute Myeloid Leukemia; Plasma Cell MyelomaIncrease the efficacy of immunotherapyAccordingly, T cells targeted to CD44v6 by means of a chimeric antigen receptor containing a CD28 signaling domain mediated potent antitumor effects against primary AML and MM while sparing normal hematopoietic stem cells and CD44v6-expressing keratinocytes. Importantly, in vitro activation with CD3/CD28 beads and interleukin (IL)-7/IL-15 was required for antitumor efficacy in vivo.
21540550LymphomaPromote immunity (T cell function)CD28 costimulation improves expansion and persistence of chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells in lymphoma patients. CAR+ T cells containing the CD28 endodomain showed strikingly enhanced expansion and persistence compared with CAR+ T cells lacking this endodomain.
21467163MelanomaPromote immunity (T cell function); essential for immunotherapyCancer immunotherapy relies on the ability of the immune system to target tumor-specific antigens to generate an immune response. This initial response requires both binding of the MHC/antigen peptide to T-cell receptor complex, along with a second costimulatory signal created by the binding of CD28 on the T cell, with B7 located on the antigen-presenting cell.
22851709LymphomaPromote immunity; Essential for immunotherapyThe addition of a CD28-signaling domain significantly enhanced the activity of the NKp30 CAR in a PI3K-dependent manner. Adoptive transfer of T cells expressing a chimeric NKp30 receptor containing a CD28-signaling domain inhibited the growth of a B7-H6-expressing murine lymphoma (RMA/B7-H6) in vivo.
22030616Colon CarcinomaPromote immunityCostimulation by chimeric antigen receptors revisited the T cell antitumor response benefits from combined CD28-OX40 signalling. CD28 reinforced T cell proliferation and is mandatory to induce IL-2. In the absence of added IL-2, CD28 and OX40 (CD137) but not 4-1BB (CD134) enhanced specific cytolysis. CD28 was superior to initiate the T cell response, OX40 and 4-1BB sustained the response in long term with OX40 being most effective.
21715687Plasma Cell MyelomaInhibit immunityCD28 expressed on malignant plasma cells induces a prosurvival and immunosuppressive microenvironment. Engagement by CD28 to its ligand CD80/CD86 on stromal dendritic cell directly transduces a prosurvival signal to myeloma cell, protecting it against chemotherapy and growth factor withdrawal-induced death. Simultaneously, CD28-mediated ligation of CD80/CD86 induces the stromal dendritic cell to produce the prosurvival cytokine IL-6 (involving novel cross-talk with the Notch pathway) and the immunosuppressive enzyme IDO.
20460472MelanomaPromote immunity; Essential for immunotherapyWe show that this Tandem sFv-CD28/TCRzeta receptor on T cells confers advantages of improved cytokine secretion, cytotoxicity, proliferation, and clonal expansion on tumor contact versus the same CAR without costimulation. In an adoptive transfer model using established melanoma tumors, designer T cells with CD28 showed a 50% rate of complete remissions but only where IL2 was supplemented.
19001145MelanomaPromote immunityCD28 provides positive modulatory signals in the early stages of an immune response, while CTLA-4 signaling inhibits T-cell activation, particularly during strong T-cell responses.
16272366MelanomaEssential for immunotherapyExpression of the costimulatory molecule CD28 also appeared to be associated with long telomeres and T cell persistence. These results, indicating that the telomere length of transferred lymphocytes correlated with in vivo T cell persistence following adoptive transfer, and coupled with the previous observation that T cell persistence was associated with clinical responses in this adoptive immunotherapy trial, suggest that telomere length and the proliferative potential of the transferred T cells may play a significant role in mediating response to adoptive immunotherapy.
Summary
SymbolCD28
NameCD28 molecule
Aliases T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein; CD28 antigen (Tp44); Tp44; CD28 antigen; CD antigen CD28; T-cell-speci ......
Chromosomal Location2q33
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content High-throughput screening data (e.g. CRISPR-Cas9, shRNA and RNAi) for T cell-mediated killing. Genetic screen techniques can identify mechanisms of tumor cell resistance (e.g., PTPN2) and sensitivity (e.g., APLNR) to killing by cytotoxic T cells, the central effectors of anti-tumor immunity. After comprehensively searching, eight groups of screening data sets were collected in the current database. In this tab, users can check whether their selected genes cause resistance or increase sensitivity to T cell-mediated killing in various data sets.
> High-throughput Screening
  Statistical results of CD28 in screening data sets for detecting immune reponses.
PMID Screening System Cancer Type Cell Line Data Set Statistical Results Relation to immunity
29301958CRISPR-Cas9 melanomaB16F10Pmel-1 T cell NA/NSNA/NS
29301958CRISPR-Cas9 melanomaB16F10OT-1 T cell NA/NSNA/NS
28783722CRISPR-Cas9 melanomaMel6242CT-CRISPR NA/NSNA/NS
28723893CRISPR-Cas9 melanomaB16GVAX+Anti-PD1 NA/NSNA/NS
28723893CRISPR-Cas9 melanomaB16GVAX NA/NSNA/NS
25691366RNAiBreast cancerMCF7Luc-CTL assay NA/NSNA/NS
24476824shRNAmelanomaB16Primary screen NA/NSNA/NS
24476824shRNAmelanomaB16Secondary screen NA/NSNA/NS
Summary
SymbolCD28
NameCD28 molecule
Aliases T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein; CD28 antigen (Tp44); Tp44; CD28 antigen; CD antigen CD28; T-cell-speci ......
Chromosomal Location2q33
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Transcriptomic and genomic profiling of pre-treated tumor biopsies from responders and non-responders to immunotherapy. These data were used to identify signatures and mechanisms of response to checkpoint blockade (e.g., anti-PDL1 and anti-PD1). One example is that mutations in the gene PBRM1 benefit clinical survival of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. After comprehensively searching, we collected 5 and 6 of transcriptomic and genomic data sets, respectively. In this tab, users can check whether their selected genes have significant difference of expression or mutation between responders and non-responders in various data sets.
> Expression difference between responders and non-responders
> Mutation difference between responders and non-responders
> Expression difference between responders and non-responders
 
Points in the above scatter plot represent the expression difference of CD28 in various data sets.
No PMID Cancer type Group Drug # Res # NRes Log2 (Fold Change) P value Anno
126997480MelanomaallAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)1412-0.050.885
226997480MelanomaMAPKiAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)650.3170.64
326997480Melanomanon-MAPKiAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)87-0.3180.563
428552987Urothelial cancerallAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 916-0.2470.579
528552987Urothelial cancersmokingAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 59-0.3160.752
628552987Urothelial cancernon-smokingAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 47-0.1580.897
729033130MelanomaallAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 26230.0890.833
829033130MelanomaNIV3-PROGAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 15110.0011
929033130MelanomaNIV3-NAIVEAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 11120.2160.854
1029301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)allAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 480.3690.631
1129301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)VEGFRiAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 2001
1229301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)non-VEGFRiAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 280.6740.521
1329443960Urothelial cancerallAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 68230-0.2390.235
> Mutation difference between responders and non-responders
 
Points in the above scatter plot represent the mutation difference of CD28 in various data sets.
No PMID Cancer type Group Drug # Res # NRes % Mut/Res % Mut/NRes % Diff (R vs NR) Pval Anno
125765070Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)allAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab) 141714.3014.30.196
225765070Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)smokingAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab) 103200201
325765070Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)non-smokingAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab) 4140001
426359337MelanomaallAnti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) 27733.72.711
526359337MelanomaBRAFiAnti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) 0140001
626359337Melanomanon-BRAFiAnti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) 27593.73.40.31
726997480MelanomaallAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)21170001
826997480MelanomaMAPKiAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)860001
926997480Melanomanon-MAPKiAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)13110001
1028552987Urothelial cancerallAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 91611.1011.10.36
1128552987Urothelial cancersmokingAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 590001
1228552987Urothelial cancernon-smokingAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 47250250.364
1329033130MelanomaallAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 38270001
1429033130MelanomaNIV3-PROGAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 22130001
1529033130MelanomaNIV3-NAIVEAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 16140001
1629301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)allAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 11130001
1729301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)VEGFRiAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 610001
1829301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)non-VEGFRiAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 5120001
Summary
SymbolCD28
NameCD28 molecule
Aliases T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein; CD28 antigen (Tp44); Tp44; CD28 antigen; CD antigen CD28; T-cell-speci ......
Chromosomal Location2q33
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Relations between abundance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of CD28. The immune-related signatures of 28 TIL types from Charoentong's study, which can be viewed in the download page. For each cancer type, the relative abundance of TILs were inferred by using gene set variation analysis (GSVA) based on gene expression profile. In this tab, users can examine which kinds of TILs might be regulated by the current gene.
> Lymphocyte
 
Summary
SymbolCD28
NameCD28 molecule
Aliases T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein; CD28 antigen (Tp44); Tp44; CD28 antigen; CD antigen CD28; T-cell-speci ......
Chromosomal Location2q33
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Relations between three kinds of immunomodulators and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of CD28. These immunomo-dulators were collected from Charoentong's study. In this tab, users can examine which immunomodulators might be regulated by CD28.
> Immunoinhibitor
> Immunostimulator
> MHC molecule
> Immunoinhibitor
 
> Immunostimulator
 
> MHC molecule
 
Summary
SymbolCD28
NameCD28 molecule
Aliases T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein; CD28 antigen (Tp44); Tp44; CD28 antigen; CD antigen CD28; T-cell-speci ......
Chromosomal Location2q33
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Relations between chemokines (or receptors) and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of CD28. In this tab, users can examine which chemokines (or receptors) might be regulated by the current gene.
> Chemokine
> Receptor
> Chemokine
 
> Receptor
 
Summary
SymbolCD28
NameCD28 molecule
Aliases T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein; CD28 antigen (Tp44); Tp44; CD28 antigen; CD antigen CD28; T-cell-speci ......
Chromosomal Location2q33
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Distribution of CD28 expression across immune and molecular subtypes.
> Immune subtype
> Molecular subtype
> Immune subtype
 
> Molecular subtype
 
Summary
SymbolCD28
NameCD28 molecule
Aliases T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein; CD28 antigen (Tp44); Tp44; CD28 antigen; CD antigen CD28; T-cell-speci ......
Chromosomal Location2q33
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Associations between CD28 and clinical features.
> Overall survival analysis
> Cancer stage
> Tumor grade
> Overall survival
 
> Stage
 
> Grade
 
Summary
SymbolCD28
NameCD28 molecule
Aliases T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein; CD28 antigen (Tp44); Tp44; CD28 antigen; CD antigen CD28; T-cell-speci ......
Chromosomal Location2q33
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Drugs targeting CD28 collected from DrugBank database.
> Drugs from DrugBank database
 

There is no record.